My Journey With Reading and Writing :: Education Teaching

My locomote With Reading and WritingThere ask not been many obstacles that have gotten in my way for me to be a successful subscriber. I am adequate to confidently read Hope in the Unseen because it keeps my interest. I resembling the tommyrot. I purport for Cedric. I imagine and picture the story in my mind. When a large amount of reading is assigned, sometimes my humor gets exhausted and I have to take a break. Liter aloney my conceiver gets tired. The reason why I have trouble getting all of my assignments in for Writing and Being is because the book does not hold my interest. I find it boring at times. I really like high Learning because the stories are like short stories, and they are adventurous in a weird way. I have gained some insight from accepted readings. Who Shall I Be really struck me in a rock-steady way. It talks about the reality of positive and negative consequences resulting from some crystalise of change. Changes can be dangerous at times. Not physica lly, but mentally. I guess it could be physical in some situations. I chance I have become a more mature reader since high school. Reading experience leads to reading success. Thats my opinion. I employ to not be able to focus when I read, but you on the dot have to stick it out and read and read and read. I feel I am a focused reader now, I pick up hard. I have also gained mental reading confidence. You break that down. The great difficulty that I came across doing the first essay was retracing the past, retracing the sadness. Having to bring buns sad memories that made my life terrible at the time. Doing the essay, I well-read that I have gone through a lot of crap. I was sinking in quicksand and now I stand on the quicksand like it is rock solid. I am proud of myself. I was able to release my life around and be the person that I am today. I might have the potential to be a good source someday. People compliment on my writing skills every now and thence when I write somet hing long. That makes me feel like a real student. I say that because an old History teacher of mine used to allege kids to be students when they were not doing their work. My biggest concern these days, is whether I will be able to survive in college.

Digestion

The food that is ingested needs to go by dint of some(prenominal) influencees in the body before it is assimilated into the body. These processes occur in the alimentary leaflet which is a long structure beginning from the address to the anus. There argon in addition other important chemicals, hormones and digestive juices which be involved in this whole process. These are found in specific portions of the tract and severally food is digested or confused down in specific region. Therefore, the dislocation of food is either mechanical or chemically carried out.The complete go away is the division of the food into very small components or sizes that can hunt through into the cells (Insel, turner and Ross, 2004). Everyone has at one time embarked on a journey in their lifetime. In addition to this, you hope to have a smooth trip and reach your destination safely. Herbert the hamburger has prepared to go through a very long and tortuous journey of his life. Everything is i n place and he only hopes to have a safe trip. The master(prenominal) purpose of this trip is to de colored very vital text files that are mandatory to a company cognize as Body Builders.If these documents do non reach their destination, the company dies. These documents includes Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Minerals. The journey begins in the mouth where Herbert goes through some rough machines known as the teeth. This breaks it down into small forms through mastication. The document known as carbohydrate starts to be processed in the mouth and it involves a good friend known as saliva who is the oldtimer in this department. Saliva does this with the help of amylase. This breaks it down into simple forms. From the mouth, permission is anted to work to the next level.To do this, Herbert is rolled into a bolus by the tongue and impel at the back of the mouth. The epiglottis prevents Herbert from going through the trachea which is a abuse route. Herbert moves down in a sm ooth wave known as peristalsis into the esophagus until it reaches the gate of another department known as the stomach. This gate is known as the cardiac sphincter (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). In the stomach, enzymes are too involved in the digestion process. Protein digesting enzymes are known as proteases. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.The bonds existing between them are broken down by hydrochloric acid from gastric wall. This is followed by breakdown of amino group acids by the enzyme pepsin (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). The food immortalizes the small intestines through the pyloric sphincter. In the small intestine, pancrease produces amylase which further breaks carbohydrates to lactose, sucrose and maltose. These are broken down by lactase, sucrase and maltase enzymes respectively. These three are converted to an important form known as glucose which is absorbed via the villi on the walls of the intestines and finally find its way into affinity circul ation.Glucose is necessary for cell metabolism and function. However, the amount of glucose is regulated by the colored with the help of hormones. Too much glucose (hyperglycemia) is transformed into glycogen and stored in the liver through the help of insulin. In cases where glucose levels are low in the breed (hypoglycemia), the reverse happens i. e. conversion of glycogen to glucose with the help of the hormone glucagon. In cases where in that respect is no glycogen, the hormone glucagons initiate formation of glucose from amino acids or fats.This process is known as gluconeogenesis (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). The digestion of fats is with the help of enzymes known as lipases. Fats are complex molecules and should be turned into small molecules. This happens with the help of lipase enzyme from the pancrease and the end termination is glycerol and fatty acid molecules. In addition to this process, bile from liver enters through the bile duct and emulsifies the fat. This m akes it easy for the enzyme (lipase) to break down the fats beginning from the surface. Storage of the bile usually occurs in the gall bladder.The body absorbs fats through the villi that cover the small intestines. The structure of the villus is such that it has capillaries and lacteals (lymph vessels). Fatty acids and glycerol enter into the lacteals into lymphatic system and finally bloodstream. Fatty acids find its way into fatty cells for storage or as source of energy (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). Protein digestion also continues in the small intestines in duodenum. The pancrease produces protease enzyme namely trypsin. In addition, chymotrypsin is also secreted. It works in a similar manner as pepsin.The end result of breakdown of protein by trypsin is amino acids. This is done through hydrolysis with origination of water molecule between the bonds of amino acids. This helps in separation of the bonds that ward the amino acids together. The amino acids can thus pass thr ough the intestinal wall into bloodstream. Their importance is in the repair of structures of the body. The waste products and undigested corporal move to the large intestines where water is re-absorbed. From there, it moves to the cecum and out through the anus (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004).

Media Analysis †The Apprentice Essay

The purpose of the introduction to The Apprentice is to introduce the programme to its sense of hearing the primary(prenominal) aim is to gain TV ratings so the first four minutes atomic number 18 crucial in drawing in the audiences attention and making the maneuver interesting and appealing to the target audience so they keep to watch.There argon many visual codes in the opening of the programme. The contestants be first introduced and the camera is watching them enter the metropolis of London. All of the contestants are shown near or on some course of transport, this could symbolise how the topper people seduce been chosen from any over the country to pass off to maven personal line of credit orientated and busy city to compete for one life changing journey. Further more than, the journey is metaphorically amplified by the contestants carrying suitcases and walking forwards, this creates a sense of them embarking on a life changing journey unneurotic with only one o utcome. This is anchored by the dialogue the contestants use, for example I am a winner this shows to the audience that this is going to be an intense combat to find the winner.The contestants are seen walking in a group unitedly over a bridge, this could connote the bridge to successes and they are walking over to the other side trying to gain the success that they want, which again signifies a journey and the camera question employ here is tracking the intact group so the audience know that they will be following them on the journey.The programme is set in London which is pragmatically suggesting this is the affection of business in the United Kingdom and thats why they have gathered here. In the clip the audience are shown how busy the city is by the amount of transport and people, this could suggest that there is competition amidst the contestants and alike competition in the business world. The scene is set at dawn this connotes the idea that business never rests in Lon don and that the business world is awake and ready.There are also visual codes displayed by the characters that anchor business firstly all of the contestants are dressed smart, in suits or skirt suits. They also all carry some form of briefcase which is stereotypically something that a business person has with them all the time. When the characters speak they pragmatically and stereotypically show that they are business minded people I am the surpass I am what Alan dulcorate is looking for are examples of what are state and these are expressed in a very strong, arrogant and eristical way.In the opening there is a point where the audience are shown Alan edulcorate on top of a large building in the central of London looking out to the city which suggests his power, this is anchored by the camera shot used here which is a low angle, this connotes the idea that he is a powerful man and the centre of attention, the use of the camera movement crab also anchors his power as it arcs ar ound Alan Sugar so we are bumpn a 360 degree view of him and the city.Sound is used to anchor Alan Sugars power throughout the soundtrack and underscoring music builds up into a dramatic tension when he is talking to the contestants and when the camera is management on him. Furthermore, the iconic dialogue youre laid-off is repeated more than once in the scene, something which is significant to his persona and something the audience recognise. This is reinforced with the make shop of Alan Sugars hand pointing towards the fired contestant, in do-gooder to this the crop shot also creates asense of mystery as the audience are left unaware of the contestant that has been fired and who he is pointing at, so they are left wanting to watch the show with the incredulity that all but one contestant will be fired and they can try judge who he will fire within the programme.The contestants are portrayed as weak when they are around Alan Sugar there are lots of reaction shots used to sho w their expressions and reactions to the tasks and what Alan Sugar says to them, this shows his power over them and signifies the meaning of the programme and his role and the contestants role. The underscoring music also adjusts to the mood and atmosphere and is anchorage for what the contestants are portraying themselves as, at the stock when the contestants are trying to display power then the music is louder and fast-breaking but when they are portrayed as more vulnerable approach Alan Sugar the music is quieter and slower and towards the end of the opening fades out into the opening of the programme.I think that the opening scene of The Apprentice is very prospered in fulfilling its purpose. I feel that it engages the audience by the visual codes and they all create a strong anchorage for what the programme is about. There are many different camera shots, angles and movements used which again draws in the audiences attention and makes them want to carry on watching the pro gramme. Finally, the undulate of the soundtrack and underscoring music with the dialogue allow the opening to intensify reality and give an insight into the programme and also the contestants and Alan Sugar.

Avarice in the Crucible

Cambria Anderson Petersen AP English III/Period 3 11 November 2012 Avarice and Vengeance in The melting pot The play The Crucible takes correct during the capital of Oregon Witch Trials of the 1800s. Yet Arthur Miller does not give way the tragedy of the witch trials in the manner expected. Miller expresses the underlying causes of the accusations make as those stemming from somebodyal greed and the feeling of revenge. Abigail Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Putnam, and Reverend Samuel Parris all give their own agendas as to why they cry witch on others in their village.Miller outlines the accounting between Abigail Williams and crapper observe in title iodine Abigail was removed from the watch home by Elizabeth, Proctors wife, because of an engagement happening between her and Proctor. Because of this, Abigail harbors a hate and jealousy towards Elizabeth. In Act Two, a warrant was sent for Elizabeths arrest The girl, the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, sir. She sat to dinner part y in Reverend Parris house tonight, and without word nor warnin she falls to the floor.Like a strike beast, Parris says, and screamed a scream that a bull would weep to hear. And Parris goes to save her, and, stuck cardinal inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. And demandin of her how she set to be so stabbed, she testify it were your wifes familiar genius pushed it in. (Miller 79) Abigail knew that from the beginning of the witch scare that she could exact revenge on those who she snarl wronged her or took something from her, which would be the case of Elizabeth.Abigail knew Mary Warren made a doll, and was planning to give it to Elizabeth she also saw Mary Warren stun the needle back in. Abigail took advantage of the situation to provide seemingly confident(p) evidence of witchcraft on Elizabeths part. Through this, Proctor sees that payback runs these trials, and how easily sight turn on one another to submit what they want. Proctor also knows that Ab igails revenge has no limits she has no shame, and continuously believes that she is right, much like the character of her uncle, Reverend Parris.At this point, Proctor had to juggle property his past a secret from the public and protecting Elizabeth, as Abigail depart turn on anyone who wrongs her. Mr. Thomas Putnam and Mrs. Ann Putnam have a sorrowful history of losing their newborn children, while only having one that survives. Mrs. Putnam finds comfort in blaming their midwife, Sarah Osburn, for the deaths, saying, I begged Thomas not to call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shriveled in her transfer (I. 50). Mrs. Putnam finds that crying witch on Goody Osburn would solve the murder of her children, except does not desire to take into account her own role in her pregnancy, being that Miller says she is fourty-five years old (I. 13). Mrs. Putnam, in a way, wants individual to feel the pain of losing seven children, being that she is a selfish adult female put ting her child in the dangers of witchcraft to find the identity of the person who killed her babies.Accusing someone of witchcraft, and potentially running their life, was the perfect way to exact her assert(prenominal) revenge. Although Reverend Parris never accused anyone of witchcraft, he refuses to defend Proctor of any charges brought up against him from insulting the court to claims of witchcraft. In Act Three, Parris takes Proctors depositions from Corey Giles and Mary Warren personally, warning Judge Danforth that since he come to Salem Proctor is blackening his name (110) and Proctors come to overthrow this court, Your Honor (97). out from trying to protect his reputation, Parris makes such allegations about Proctor in an feat to prove Proctor as an unreliable messenger. Parris wants to come out vengeance for what he feels Proctor has done to him, just as Abigail wants revenge on Elizabeth. But, these alleged wrong-doings have only come from Parriss mouth he seems t o have intercourse taking things personal when they come from Proctor, and the courtroom scene is the perfect place for Parris to return the hate he feels from Proctor.The Salem Witch Trials proved to be a time of tragedy and mass hysteria as accusations ran promptly through the small Massachusetts village. The source of the witchcraft charges came from the village peoples personal greed and want of retribution, as well as many other contributing factors. Abigail, Parris, and the Putnams all used this situation to their advantage, hoping to get some personal satisfaction out of their charges, thus ruining lives of their victims Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Sarah Osburn.

Ivy’s Essay

proceed Broadens the Mind Saint Augustine once said the military man is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page. Traveling, like reading, broadens the mind. It enriches smell experience, sparks inspiration and stupefys people poised. Travel enriches life history experience. It is a process of feeling the world enjoying beautiful sceneries, tasting variant food, meeting interesting people and experiencing new cultures. I traveled a lot when I was a kid.I remember once when I was in the Liangshan yi autonomous region, Sichuan, my parents took me to the Torch Festival. People dressed in clothes with Yi features, border a big torch, dancing and singing with great joy. I was extremely affected by the atmosphere, my face was reddened and my whole world was well-lighted up. I can still remember those smiling faces and joyful cheers. Travel offers us a shot to better understand the world and remove us more open to embrace the new things which could make our life more e xciting and meaningful.Travel sparks inspiration. Whiling traveling, we enter a totally different space, the charge we breathe the language we hear the food we try can endlessly arouse our love for life and give us inspiration. San Mao, a renowned Chinese writer, composed most of her works while traveling. One of her exceed known work The Story of Sahara is about her experience in the northern Africa. This book vividly described the lifestyle, culture and native people in the Sahara Desert.If she had never been there, there would be no such a wondrous work. Besides writers, musicians and artists often get inspired through travel. On the journey, we big businessman meet obstacles. A flat tire, a landslide, or extreme suffer may make us feel scared and panic, but somehow we can tough it out. After all those experience, we will be painful by nature and be brave and poised no payoff what happens in our life. Life is a book, and with travel, we can read through the pages and m ake our life rich and beautiful.

Profile faculty

As an excellent graduate in commerce faculty, it is my massive honor to work with so many talented colleagues with versatile skills in professional accounting and advisory areas. More importantly, now I bear enough confidence in assimilating this multicultural environment and whelm my current profession as soon as possible. Describe your Expertise. What do you enjoy most works with us?With the firm theoretic terra firma of accounting, marketing, planning and other relating knowledge as ell as my advisory and consulting practice, I devote the ability to manage assorted clients involving in various problems and succeed strategies to them. The most enjoyable part for me is that, I am always confluence with tough but exciting tasks which definitely exert my potential capability, two challenging and rewarding. Draw your Timeline about working experience. 2016 I achieved my first consulting bug out with satisfactory results and Joined the current consulting team as an associate. ? 2015 I immaculate my summer internship n PAWS advisory group as an assistant. Introduce your unmatched Qualifications to us. 2015 I successfully passed the CPA exam. 2013 I finished my bachelor floor and was enrolled in the University of Adelaide as a postgraduate to continue my master percentage point of accounting in business profession. 20091 began my 4 years report card in marketing profession at the University of International Relations (Beijing, China) as a freshman. What about your personal life outside the office? reconciliation work and personal interests is indeed necessary.I always do sports to keep it and go shopping once a week to enhance my appearance. Sometimes I would like to travel with my friends to different countries and places. How can we improve you? It is a combining of challenge and opportunity working here. I was lucky enough to be offered this unique position from which I have the chance to contact different clients from all over the world. At the sa me time, the comfortable and friendly working atmosphere encourages me to work with full energy. Why not Join and hold up one of this lovely team? It is the best choice I have ever made Profile By Leviathans

Vershire Company

Though Vershire Company does not have explicit problems, it has a number of weaknesses in its systems. First is in the style of their budget preparation. Their sales budget preparation had little flexibility when it was already approved in advance the start of the year and were already fixed objectives. This kind of system has an reward of pushing its managers to arrive at and meet the objective budgets.However, it is a disadvantage when in that respect are unlooked-for relevant bes that are inevitable and moldiness be incurred during the year since there is a meticulous process in covering these tolls, which also requires an explanation to the bosses why the budgets have not been met. plump for is how the company treats its gear up/Manufacturing Department being a Profit cracker. This discussion section only accomplishes orders that the Sales Department dictate, manufacturing the quality merchandises at the lowest rational cost possible considering the nature of the competitive industry.However, their performance is evaluated through the boodle that the department generates via its cost standards and cost reduction targets which is determined by the industrial Engineering department. The assignment of the department as a cost plaza may be inconsistent with its objectives since the department itself is not the one find out the price and selling the products. Third is how the performance of the plant managers are evaluated. Since the shew Department is hard-boiled as a profit center, the plant managers packaging and compensation is based on their profit performance.There abide be a misalignment in the objectives in this setup because while the plant managers strive to put down the cost to achieve higher profits presumption the price set, they may sacrifice quality by choosing the lowest cost of materials or labor for production. In essence, the cost batch be vary based on the price. Moreover, the performance of the plants are compared t o each other unheeding of their differences in their production. This is an inappropriate method of comparison and evaluation since one cannot alone compare plants with different objectives and environment operating in because there is no basis or a standard performance.Options and Recommendation Vershire Company can revise its budgeting system to an Incremental Budgeting System wherein an initial estimated budget is presented at the start of the year and can be flexible enough to accommodate changes within the year if necessary. Another option is to continue on the contemporary budgeting system, however make necessary adjustments such as providing allocation or an allowance for contingency costs and allowing proposals for changes in the budgets for the next period to be presented during regular performance reports/reviews.This is a better option since it will silent motivate the managers to adhere to the budget while allowing for some flexibility for unforeseen changes in the budget. Another action that Vershire Company could take is changing how the Plant Department is treated, from being a Profit condense to an Expense Center to more appropriately match its objectives in lowering the companys expenses as the product quality allows. Measurement of performance is not any longer how much profit the plant generates but how fast it manufactures the products, how low the cost of the materials and labor are, and the quality of its products.Treating the Plant Department as an Expense Center can give way to the Sales Department to be treated as a Profit Center wherein they can price the product in accordance to the costs set by the plant. Incentives along with this are the promotion and compensation of the sales managers tied with their profit performance. Such can align each department in its appropriate objectives and will be motivated to achieve it, having their goals congruent to that of the companys.

Current Economic Policy Essay

From 2006 up to the present, the miserliness of the United State has been performing undischarged in general. Gross Domestic Product increased by probatory crop rich to encourage the foreign investors to invest in the country. Further more than, more jobs have been created for the labor marker creating huge expediency on the well-being of the workers, thus, increasing their income. Around more than 850,000 jobs has been created in the frugality from 2006 up to the present. expertness prices, on the other hand, seem to stimulate worse after cover prices in the international grocery has been increasing sharply for the past years.Because of the express increase in the prices of rock oil color in the merchandise, it negatively affects the non-energy goods and services since oil is one of the major components of production processes in most of the industries in the economy. puffiness similarly increased as a consequence of the increasing prices of the commodities in the securities industry due to the rising oil prices. Inflation browse, since 2006, stood high enough to impose panic to the consumers and at that place is a possibility that the latter office just lower down their spending making.Moreover, the housing industry also made the improvement of the GDP sluggishly and this is the side effect of the commodious housing spending of the market in 2005 non to mention that the disposable income of the consumers today is not that high enough as comp atomic number 18d to 2005. Although there ar certain hindrances on the improvement of GDP or economic improvement of the country, however, the economy manages to offset those costs by the benefits derived from the good market delimit of the international market which in turn advance the trade agreement of our country.In addition to that, increasing job opportunities makes the depletion in the consumption of the consumers to slow down down since income of the workers improves as more job were created in the economy. Furthermore, labor productiveness helps the individual(a) firms to reinvigorate their profitability and sales volume making the establishment able to charge high taxes to be used for financing governing projects for the economy. Proposed Economic Stabilization PolicyOne of the possible way by which the US organization could further stabilize the growth of the US economy would be through lower down the tax rate that the government has been charging especially for the multinational corporations. Through slip-up down the tax rate of the companies in the market, especially those multinational corporations since it could offset the rising salaries of the laborers due to the high demand for laborers in the market.It was identified that because of the high demand for laborers in the market due to the fast-faced growth of the economy for the past years, the bargaining power of the laborers for higher salaries increased imposing threats for a higher operational costs for the orphic firms. The improvement of the income of e genuinely household could helped the economy revitalized the housing market that is why an increase in the salaries of the laborers is badly needed in the market today.So as not to sacrifice the welf be of the undercover firms which also contributes largely to the sustainable growth of the economy of the past years, the tho resource of the government is to lower down the taxes that they are charging from these people. In short, it is the government who would shoulder the burden or the costs of improving the housing industry not to mention that there is a great possibility that disposable income of the consumer multitude might increase due to the increase in their salaries.For sure, the job losings on the part of the government due to the lack of fund to finance government projects after the taxes being collected to large corporation would be offset by the additional job vacancies being created by the private indus try every month in the economy. This only points out that yet if this variant of policy would slow down the construction of infrastructures for the globe or any government services being offered in the economy is very insignificant as compared to those persons or class of person that will benefits from this pattern of policy.Policy Target The express proposed policy would only cover multinational and corporation type of companies for these are the business entities that employs the majority of the worker in the market. Moreover, international branches of the said corporation will also be include in the said proposed policy. For multinational company, tax rate would depend on the level of their profitability and sales volume.Whereas, corporations or those companies that only operate on the US market would have a fixed tax rate just to account their financial capabilities and the beat of labor force that they are utilizing for their operation. Current Use of the Policy Well, so far, President George W. Bush really advocating the importance of tax cuts in order to protect the interest of the producers or private firms in the market for they are the one who drags the economy towards development as well as the increase in the salaries of the workers in the economy (Seib, 2007).Moreover, the issue regarding this tax rate reduction contracts more interesting to the presidential candidates and serves as part of their platforms in their campaign. The reason behind the popularity of tax cut to most of the presidential candidate is due to the fact that this issue encompasses not only the private sector but also the consumer and labor group of which the majority are voters for the up coming election.Although politically driven, there is equable a basis for the presidential candidates to propose and support much(prenominal) said kind of policy for the economy, and true enough, tax cutting is being viewed as one of the possible solution for the growth of the US economy to become more sustainable. But then again, after considering those benefits than can be derived from implementing this kind of policy, based also from the tax cutting model of President Bush, there is a little possibility that this would not be implemented in the near future alongside with other economic policies of the government.Potential Problems and Issues Although the consumers and the private firms will be well-off from the shouldering of the government of the costs of high oil prices in the market, still, the insufficient amount of available cypher for the coming monetary period would surely made the provision of government project become sluggish. As most of the economists know, government plays a vital role in maintaining residual condition in the economy like the provision of public goods.These are goods that when provided by the private firms would only caused inefficiencies and ineffectiveness on producing such goods, thus, slumping the welfare of the consu mer group. Like for instance, the provision of street lights, it is the governments responsibility to give its citizens with street light for the security of the latter. By cutting the tax being charge to the corporation, there is a big go on of having insufficient funds for street lighting perhaps, or unfinished roads for a parallel of months due to lack of funds and so on and so forth.Tax, on the field of public economics, only causes losses on the societal welfare. It only creates gain for the society if it is being used as a correctional tool to put back the economy into its equilibrium state. Like in the case of negative externality emitters in the economy, the are being charged by higher tax that the usual amount in order to force them to cut down their production or to slow down their operation on the optimal level for the society.The only point here is that, tax cutting would just make the budget deficit problem of the government to become worse assuming that the gains fr om the proceeding of the economy will not change that significantly for the next couple of fiscal periods. But since the Federal Reserve predicts that the US economy would still expand for the next period, then, tax cutting will not worsen the budget deficit of the government as what is being expected by some of the government officials.

Whichever definition one may opt to use, it is clear that a crime is a vice

A disgust is an act or an omission which contravenes the laid defeat rules of a given country. (Jones, 2008) This then follows a punishment imposed by the same law of nature which has been contravened. Crime can excessively be defined as a disruption of the normal social order in the society. (David, 2005)Whichever definition one whitethorn opt to use, it is clear that a crime is a vice in the society and all measures must be taken to contain the same. Having defined what constitutes a crime, the next question that comes into our minds is, why do people engage in crime? Of what benefits is it to be mired in barbarous activities? This paper takes an in-depth look as to the various reasons why people involve themselves in crime. Most importantly this paper shall centre on how exactly an individual gets into crime and basically the pathway to crime.A hit-or-miss survey was taken in 1997 from the streets and separate roughshods were asked why they opted to engage themselves in outlaw activities. Some state they did it collect to desperation and lack of money, others said they found it being an easy way of getting money with break through tiring.To others criminal activities were a lowlys by which they earned their living while to others they did it out of stress and depression. To some others they were pressured and influenced by their peers and before they realized it they were already in crime. To some people crime was a way of avenging themselves against people who set about wronged them. (David, 2005)As already mentioned individuals engage in crime for several reasons. Some individuals forget therefore get out of crime if the factor that is catalyzing their involvement in criminal activities ceases to exist.For instance if a person engages in crime due to stress and depression, if the depression is swapt with medically or otherwise it consequently mean that the particular individual will no longer continue in crime as the factor that was influen cing his/her involvement in crime no longer exists.It is surprising however to note that not every criminal will get out of criminal activities even when the factor that was influencing his criminal activities ceases to exist. This one therefore means that there be people who are life cart track offenders and will always be involved in crime regardless of their situation.This in essence means that there are cardinal categories of people. These are the desisters also cognise as adolescent- limited offenders and persisters also known as life course persistent offenders. It is important to differentiate these two groups so as to know how to deal with each. Adolescent limited offenders as the phrase suggests have their criminal activities limited to the adolescent age.This is the age support after which they quite engagement in criminal activities. Adolescent limited offenders do not extend their criminal activities into adulthood. (Jones, 2008) Psychologists have confirmed that nearly youth engage in a lot of antisocial expression during their adolescence. This however fades as they continue to mature.On the other hand life course persistent offenders demonstrate antisocial behavior however mild from childhood all the way to adulthood. (Jones, 2008) These two groups must therefore be dealt with differently. In dealing with desisters it is important that they are made aware of the consequences of their actions and guided so that they may reform.Psychologists also indicate that parents of desisters and the society at large should be cautious so as not to brand them as criminals as this may have a psychological impact on them. It is also important to keep warning them and eventually they will become law abiding citizens.It is very vital to identify the life course offenders or the persisters early enough so as to be able to deal with them effectively. There are various ways of dealing with this group which take institutional training, finding a job for th em to do so that they may not be idle. Occasionally these offenders may go for counseling or be put on probation as a correctional method.In last therefore it is important to identify and differentiate the two types of criminals that there are in order to deal with them effectively.BibliographyFarrington David P (2005) Integrated Development and invigoration Course Theories of Offending London, Transaction PublishersJones David (2008) Understanding criminal behavior Psychosocial approaches to criminality, radical York, William Publishing

Weibo And Chinese Society

The refreshing railroad caramelgled media, antithetic from television, magazines, books or paper-based earthations, is a new form of mass communion, which contains technologies that enable digital interactivity. For example, websites, video games, Internet tout ensemble belong to the new media. Currently, the new media is becoming increasingly popular and sapiently changing multitudes disembodied spirit. The advent of Webb in china is one of the more or less salient examples, which is excessively the topic I am going to analyze in this passage.Chinese Webb, similar to twitter used terra firmawide, is a micro blob, by which mint stick out placement quarrel, personas and videos on the Internet. The global familiar or the fundamental law evoke create their take beak easily and sh atomic number 18 things with their pursuit so they raise communicate freely with each former(a). Some celebrities and establishment authoriseds similarly knowledge Webb account s and in this way, Webb athletic supporters to create a two-way communication surrounded by famous tidy sum and Chinese Internet users.Research showed that wad put across at least one hour per day checking Webb messages on their cellophanes or on their laptops, while spend only fifteen minutes on reading give-and-takepapers. It is very harsh in current Chinese beau monde to see people apply Webb any day to check the current news, share daily life, or chat with friends, etc. Nearly 50 percent of the Internet users in China develop Webb accounts and use it regularly. Among these people, most of them are from the younger generation who are more open-minded to the new technology.This paper consists of two opuss. The first part aims to under(a)stand the launchs Webb has make ten years from now on Chinese society. The second part talks active Chinese brass policy and the promote China has do reflected by the proliferation of Webb. Speaking of the impact of this new med ia, Webb has impressively changed the traditionalistic mass media. Prior to the turn of the century, only journalists with an functionary degree toilette be reporters and usual news, which they thought were newsworthy.However, in nowa years, with the advent bowie, the general public screwing be the first one to reveal something important happened close to them by caning Webb using only forty Chinese characters. sometimes these posts can be the sources of the news on next days newspaper. For example, on March 2013 a man robbed a store and fell cut on his way running. This accident was firstly recorded by a citizen who happened to pass by in that neighborhood. Then he quickly affix this on Webb and called the police. Immediately, this post was reposted thousand times and cutn to many people in this city.Later on, the newspaper bought the pictures taken by the Webb user and published as the next days headline news. In this way, the general public is lot professional journali sts find newsworthy things happened around them and change the traditional hackneyed way of publishing. In addition, the extensive use of Webb is acting like a supplement of paper- erosion reports. Every famous news agency has their own Webb accounts, whenever there was an influential news, there would be a short post to give people a brief Introduction of what happened. Also, Webb can be a place where the journalists post updates in a continuous dismantlet.For example, when the deficient airplane MYNAH accident happened this year, both progress the rescue aggroup had make was posted by Webb. While we were waiting anxiously for the modish news-if there were survivors, how was their family tallys, where was the plane, what caused this barge in, etc. Overall news agencies post the latest confine immediately when there were new discoveries. The general public simply occupy to refresh their Webb to look for the latest news, which makes it more convenient and quickly. The adve nt of Webb also has tremendous impact on the daily life of the general public.Firstly, Webb users can follow official accounts based on their interests-what kind of news they commission about most, which celebrities they esteem and want to know more about. For instance, a soulfulness likes sports top executive follow soccer players and other sports news relate accounts. A person cares about health eight become a fan of Chinese Healthy Diet on Webb. In this way, the Webb users can handily receive information specifically what they want to know by using the Internet. Moreover, by reposting these webs, Webb users can share the interested news with other following and show the support for the original Webb user.Besides that, Webb users can also follow snobby accounts, which consist of ones family members, friends and co- executeers. Even if people cannot meet each other every day, they can still keep in touch and let others know what happened in their life by posting Webb. In the current society, Webb is a unassailable immunization tool to help promote the inter legal action between people who are busy working or studying every day and cannot meet each other because they live far away. My own example can best illustrate this point. Study abroad, which means I can only meet my family members and friends one time a year.But regularly post on Webb about what I have learned, what I have done, how I feel, etc. My friends can like or comment on my posts so we would not feel so far from my life in a remote country. The use of the micro blob also provoked swell repercussion on the whole society, especially on the policy- make field. Since a two-way communication teen government officials and the general public was rein strained up based on the proliferation of Webb. Almost every civil handmaiden in China has their Webb account and is required to post their weekly work publicly.If Internet users have problems with the policy or officials behaviors, they can comm ent under the post or send a private letter through Webb. It is the government officials duty to reply in time to the citizens and explain every action they take until the askers receive a satisfied answer. Making received that the general public has a clear understanding of what the government is doing is a task for government officials through their communication on Webb. It is also common for people to show their support to trustworthy policy or government officials through the use of Webb.Due to the impressive influence it has on the whole society, at erst a post was sent by a civic consideration or a department in the government, it would be repost at once by thousands Of Internet users who advocate this proposal. Therefore, with the power Of the Webb users, it is easy to distinguish if an action or policy by the government is welcomed to the public in society. On the other hand, Webb can dramatically help to supervise the political yester and other charitable organization s. Before the proliferation of Webb, it is relatively hard for the public to directly get by the behaviors of the authorities and complaisant groups.This kind of supervision is mostly achieved by the alter department set up to keep an on the behaviors of the government officials. However, nowadays, people can freely post anything they discovered in their daily life and keep an eye on the celebrities what they have posted through Webb. The Webb users also supervise the misbehaver Of government officials in political field and urged he related department to investigate. Two examples happened in 201 1 and 2012 Chinese society can best help to explain this point.In 2011 a Webb user with the account number Mime Guy posted several micro blobs about her pace and cock-a-hoop houses. And her title was the manager of the Chinese Red Cross, which was revealed in her Webb profile. This made the Webb users pretty confused where did all her money come from? How can she cave in much(prenomi nal) luxury? With more and more people paying aid to this young girl with such unusual background, the Red Cross was forced to response to this issue. Although that this organization clarified it had no connection with Mime Guy, the public do not think that is the real truth.Also, the Public Security actors assistant began to investigate the relationship between Mime Guy and the Red Cross. Specially, they odd this so-called manager had improper relationship with the chairman of the board, so she could have access to the money people donated to the Red Cross and used it for big houses and Mistreat. Later after the Mime Guy affair, the Red Cross was misgiving by the public for a long time and was required by the germane(predicate) department to reveal its edged to the society and become in all transparent. Another case happened in 201 2 was triggered by one picture taken by a Webb user in a car accident scene.The post on Webb showed that in this kind of occasion, the government official was smiling instead of grieving for the hurt people, which made the general public angry. Afterwards, this official was ill criticized by the people on Webb. People pull down found out all his other pictures taken in different occasions to see if he was eligible to be a civic servant. Eventually, people found that in many pictures, he wore efferent dear(p) watches, which were not accordance with his income earned from his job. With more and more people doubted the sources of the money, relevant department began to investigate in this case.They found out that a large amount of the money of his fortune was from corruption. This official used the convenience of his home to make money for a long time so he had money to afford expensive watches and big houses. As a result, this official was sent by the Webb users into prison. Of course, the spread of Webb is a two-edged sword , which means it can also exert negative effects on society. For instance, there is a group of peop le who open Webb accounts only to sell products, which makes the Internet environs full of commercials.It is difficult to charm these commercials because it is hard to tell if the product is of good quality based on the limited information Webb posts can provide. Also, the license people possess when they use Webb makes the online environment increasingly complex. Diverse people holding totally different opinions can equally and freely extinguish on Webb. On rare cases, immoral people purposely retail store hoax news to the public in order to tarnish others composition or cause a society panic. The general public powerfulness get confused based on the complicated information they receive.There was once a water gild being framed by a piece of news in Beijing Daily. It reported that the water from ongoing Company was not sluttish and could not achieve the water archetype in China. Later on, this news was posted by several Webb users without examen its accuracy. Along with the spread of this breaking news all over the Webb environment, this company got stuck in trust crisis and had a pregnant decline In monthly sales. Thousands of Internet users showed their anger and disappointment to this water company ND the news Was reposted in a large scale.However, when Ongoing Company went to test its water in the Quality Supervision Bureau, the result showed Ongoing water was clean and had achieved the water standard. It turned out the news was distorted and afterwards misuse by the Webb users. This example showed that it is equally easy for both the truth and fake news spread out through Webb and the latter would absolutely aggrieve the social order to some degree. The spread of Webb and its effects can be the introduction of the second part of this paper, which explains the Chinese society progress and the overspent policy.Because of the significant impact Webb exerts on Chinese society, the government has taken specific measures to dumbfound the Webb e nvironment. Moreover, the policies, being increasingly flexible and allowing for more liberty, can reflect the Chinese progress in juvenile ten years. Fifty years ago, Chinese people were not used to freely spill in the public at all, nor were they allowed to criticize the government officials and the policy. In my father generation, people who dared speak out the actual evaluation of one policy office even end up being caught into prison because they were considered ooh aggressive.Almost every thing they give tongue to or did was under the guidance of the government. People did not have a way to express their thoughts, not to mention giving advice to the government. Obedience blindly might be the best words to describe the people spiritedness in that stream. However, in the new era, with more rights are given to the general public, people are changing their mind accordingly. They begin to say something in public instead of stubbornly listening to the authority. Webb is an ex cellent tool to help achieve this transformation within this background.With the advent of Webb, people are having a channel to easily express themselves. They can set up an account and apply their personal design to the home page. They can post words and pictures. These Webb contents do not limit to their daily life about what they have done and how they feel which are mainly shared with their friends and family members. Webb users can also use the micro blob to comment on recent events happened in China and in the international scale. For example, after the plane crash MYNAH, many Webb users criticized the inappropriate behaviors of the Malaysia government and airplanes.Another example would be the lawsuit in 201 1. The driver, whose father is Gang Lie-a government official, was interrogated in court because he triggered a car accident, which caused one people dead and one people severely injured. Hundreds of Webb users posted on Internet their complaints because they thought the court was treating this criminal unfairness due to his special social Status. This case reflects a big progress which not only means the government is giving more freedom to people, but also means people are more willing to discuss the current affair and becoming the masters of their own country.Still, I cannot deny that there are restrictions on Webb use. Offensive words and sexy contents are definitely not allowed to exit on Webb. Besides, the ruler on political field is relatively strict compared to the policies used to regulate the Internet in other countries. However, even if there are certain amount of restrictions on the contents people can post, it is too a large degree progressive compared to before. The limitations are primarily in political area, especially when the reputation and safety of central government were threatened by aggressive speech on AIBO.If happened, the relevant accounts might be suspend and the posts would be deleted as soon as being found. Moreover, this Webb user might even be arrested if the post had caused a severely negative effect within the whole society. This is a comparatively strict punishment compared to the policies made on pornographic or fake news. To the latter one, the account might still be used. Only the specific vibe contains pornographic or violence contents would be deleted by the administrator. The policies in elegant period in China, (for example, when minorities groups ere trying to split China) are harsh compared to that in practice times.The government is controlling Webb environment to stop the rumors, which aim to cause social panic. During that special period, Internet users even cannot post webs including sensitive words such as split of China The independence of Tibet or the names of the sensitive characters in the political fight. All in all, Chinese society is making progress in the new millennium, not only in scathe of economics, but also in political and cultural area. The policy and laws e nacted by the government guarantee freedom and democracy to the public.Chinese peoples minds are opening to the world and becoming more autonomous accordingly. They use Webb to share their life, enjoy the rights they are accorded to help master the country. It is not possible for the social organization or government to block a piece of news they do not want the public to know any more. With the extensive use of Webb, all the information around them and directly affect them would spread quickly and has a significant effect within the whole society. People have already stepped into a new era with the extensive use of Webb and the old days will never come back.

Studying: Then and Now

Studying Then and Now One June day, I staggered into a richly instruct classroom to take my final exam in United States History IV. I had made my usual desperate movement to cram the night forrader, with the usual dismal resultsI had gotten only to page 75 of a 400-page textbook. My involve habits in high take aim, plain, were a mess, exactly in college, Ive made an attempt to clean up my note-pickings, studying, and analyse-taking skills. The first thing I tried to improve in college was note-taking. I took notes in high school classes but I often lost interest as compared to my note- taking at college.Note taking in high school classes often began with doodling, draft Martians, or seeing what my signature would belief equivalent if I matrimonial the guy in the second row. Now, however, I try not to permit my mind wander, and I pull my thoughts back into focus when they begin to go fuzzy. In high school, my notes often looked like something written in Arabic. In colleg e, Ive wise to(p) to use a semi-print writing style that makes my notes understandable. When I would look over my high school notes, I couldnt understand them.There would be a account book like Reconstruction, then a big blank, then the word important. Weeks later, I had no idea what reconstruction was or why it was important. Ive since wise to(p) to write down connecting ideas, even if I have to take the prison experimental condition to do it after class. Taking notes is one thing Ive really learn to do better since high school days. Another domain of a function that I needed to c oncentrate on was my method of studying. Ordinary studying during the term is another area in which Ive made changes. In high school, I let reading assignments go.I told myself that Id have no trouble catching up on 200 pages during a 15-minute ride to school. College courses have taught me to keep charge per unit with the work. Otherwise, I feel as though Im sinking into a quicksand of uninform ed material. When I finally read the high school assignment, my eyes would sway over the words, but my brain would be plotting how to get the car for Saturday night. Now, I use several techniques that force me to really concentrate on my reading. I also changed the way of study for taking testsIn addition to learning how to care with daily work, Ive also learned to handle study sessions for big tests. My all-night study sessions in high school were experiments in self-torture. Around 200 A. M. , my mind, like a soaked sponge, simply stopped absorbing things. Now, I quadriceps femoris expose exam study sessions over several days. That way, the night before can be devoted to an overall review rather than unexampled memorizing. Most important, though, Ive changed my attitude toward tests. In high school, I thought tests were dusky things with completely unpredictable questions.Now, I ask instructors about the kinds of questions that will be on the exam, and I try to psych out the areas or facts instructors are plausibly to ask about. These practices really work, and for me theyve taken much of the fear and mystery out of tests. Since Ive reformed, note-taking and studying are not as tough as they once were, and I am beginning to reap the benefits. As time goes on, my college test sheets are going to look much different from the red-marked tests of my high school days. Outline IntroductionThesis Statement My study habits in high-school, obviously were a mess, but in college, Ive made an attempt to reform my note-taking, studying and test-taking skills. subject sentence 1 I took notes in high school classes but I often lost interest as compared to my note- taking at college 1. Interest 2. Note writing 3. Connection Topic Sentence 2 Ordinary studying during the term is another area in which Ive made changes. 1. Pace 2. Concentration Topic Sentence 3 In addition to learning how to cope with daily work, Ive also learned to handle study sessions for big tests. 1. Spacing 2. Attitude Conclusion

Fashion during the Elizabethan Era

Keeping Up With the way Field vesture and fashion during the Elizabethan Era was complex, complicated, and too salient (Bloom). The Elizabethan Era, was a time period from 1558-1603 when Queen Elizabeth I reigned, and was a period when sight expressed who they were through creativity and originality (Black and Garland 16). several(prenominal) may say that the Era was important, as it was the Golden Age in English history. Fashion during the Elizabethan Era was very extravagant and over the top. Fashion and air were competitive, varied by gender, and also depended on nonpareils social syllabus.Keep up is a phrase to describe the attitudes toward fashion during the Elizabethan Era. There was always pressure to be up to date. Peoples attempts to stay in fashion cost them a lot of m unitaryy (Lace). Land owners tangle obligated to entertain the rulers such as the king and queen when they traveled, so they would arrange big parties, and they and their families wore the most expe nsive array. Even the royal motor lodge wanted to show off and out-dress everyone. When the royal court traveled, they often do the nobles go broke trying to pass up with their standard of vaunt (Lace).All types of people from land owners to the royal court felt the pressure to keep up. Fashion and style were different for men and women who were not rich. It varied by gender. Women and men both had fashion rules to follow. Men had to violate cheap materials which include sheepskin and wool (Elizabethan Era). They had to play out dull colors such as brown, dull blue and beige. Men wore low, flat hats. They also wore cheap knickerbockers made out of rough materials. Women wore material from sheepskin and wool standardised men. They also had to wear dull colors. Women wore aprons and bodices. The bodice fronts were often laced up.They did not wear Jewelry or any other accessory. Men and women of working year both had restrictions on clothes, however, the clothes varied by gen der. No thing how rich a man or woman was, no one could wear what they pleased. Clothing during the Elizabethan Era was controlled by sumptuous laws. These laws were fructify in place to keep the class structure strict (Renaissance Clothing for Kids). Clothes defined who a person was and what class they belonged to. Upper classes wore effulgent colors. Their clothes were made from expensive materials such as velvet, satin, silk, taffeta and lace.They also wore high-priced Jewelry such as pearls. The upper class women would wear clothes that included several different layers of material, while others women wore thin materials. Typical people such as the working class wore simple clothes as described above. During the Elizabethan Era clothing was associated with rank. There were a contour of colors and choices one could pick from if they were in a high class or had a high rank (Sixteenth- Century Clothing). No one could wear whatever they chose because peoples clothing was contro lled by laws.In conclusion, the Elizabethan Era as a time period when Queen Elizabeth I reigned, between 1558 and 1603. During the Era, many fields such as poetry and literature grew and flourished. An area that blossom included style and fashion. Some may say that the era was a time when people had the opportunity to express themselves. Others feel that fashion and style during this time was restricted. In todays world, fashion is not as restricted as it was during the Elizabethan Era and both men and women are free to wear whatever they want. Works Cited Black, Anderson J. , and Mange, Garland.

Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers

Jordan University of Science and Technology Computer Engineering Department cryptogram &038 Ne iirk Security CPE (541) HW5 Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers (Double-DES, Triple-DES &038 Blowfish) Supervised by Dr Loai Tawalbeh Eng. Sulaiman Al-Basheer Simsam R. Hijjawi 20022171043 Review Problems 6. 1 What is the triple encryption? It is a cardinal-stages encryption with three different keys, to avoid costly requirements arises from utilize three different keys with entire length of 3&21556 = 186 bits a triple encryption with two keys maybe used. 6. 2 What is the meet in the middle labialize?Its that polish doesnt depend on any particular property of the DES, preferably, it exit fit against any type of cloture calculates. For the double-DES cipher &038 a given (P,C) pair, this ack-ack gun works as follow 1. Encrypt the field of studytext P with all possibilities of K1, stock the results in a table, &038 sort that table by the grade of X. 2. decipher C with all possible v alues of K2, check each resulted value with the entries in the table, in case of match, check these two keys against another cognize pair (P1,C1), if match, accept them as the correct keys. 6. Why is the middle dish out of 3DES is a decipherment rather than an encryption ? 1. Its a decryption forge in order to change the traditional nature of the DES, if its an encryption, itll stay a DES but with longer key size. 2. In the cryptography, there is no significance of development the decryption in the middle stage, the only expediency of doing so is to allow users of 3DES to decrypt data encrypted by the users of the older case-by-case DES ( C = Ek1Dk2Ek1P = Ek1P. Suppose that the middle portion is decryption instead of encryption, ( C = Ek1Ek2Ek1PThe previous assumption in comparability 1 will not be ever met. On the other hand 3. If an encryption process is done instead of decryption the meet-in-the-middle attack becomes possible. 6. 6 What bounderish operations are used in Blowfish? gain Addition the words, it is performed modulo 232. Bit new exclusive-OR. Problems 6. 1 For the two design flakes introduced in the textbook, which is the preferred in the followings Note the suggested block cipher in my stipulations below is DES. security. The single cringle compact approach single CBC interlace is more secure, this is because the EDE block contains the encryption function C = E k1D k2Ek1P without simplifications, this makes the secret writing like commencement derivative attack more difficult than doing it on a simple loop with encryption or decryption process because each loop in the second approach appears like a simple DES that may be attacked alone in a chosen plain-text attack i. e. derived function attack. performance.The second 3 simple approach is the preferred from the performance wise point of view, this is because each block in each loop contains every encryption or decryption processes so it is faster than the first approach. si mply as I mentioned above, it is more vulnerable to cryptanalysis than the first approach because each loop is a single DES with differential attack possibility. We can also distinguish between the two approaches based on error propagation. 6. 2 Can you suggest security improvements to either option, using three DES chips &038 some number of XOR functions? Assume you are tranquillise limited to two keys.Changing the mode sounds a good solution 1. For the first approach that contain only a single independent loop, using Counter mode seems to be simpler, because we deal with tax returns that less longer than plain texts &038 have no linear or statistical relationship, this may emergence the performance of the 3DES in this case. 2. For the second approach, the dependency between stages prevents using the counter mode as an enhancement, a more secure mode is take in this case, using the CFB may eliminate the possibility of differential cryptanalysis because chosen plain text attack is not worth. . 4 picture that the blowfish decryption is the inverse of the blowfish encryption. Taking in consideration the following The decryption process is applied in the alike(p) education as the encryption but with reverse order use of the step in keys. Encryption 1. Assume the following plain text P with E-PL0 &038 E-PR0 portions. 2. later on the ith round, the takings of that round will be E-PRi = E-PLi Xor Pi (1) E-PLi = F E-PRi Xor E-PRi-1 (2) 3. The cipher text will be E-PR17 = E-PL16 Xor P18 E-PL17 = E-PR16 Xor P17 C = E-PR17 + E-PL17&8243+ sign is a chemical chainIt will be the input of the decryption algorithm which is the same as the encryption algorithm but with reverse order key fashion. decoding 1. Assume the following cipher text C with D-CL0 &038 D-CR0 portions. 2. After the ith round, the output of that round will be D-CRi = D-CLi Xor P19-I . (3) D-CLi = F D-CRi Xor D-CRi-1 . (4) 3. the outputs of equation 1 &038 equation 3 and equation 2 &038 equa tion 4 are the same for each round, this implies the reversibility in the blowfish algorithm between the encryption &038 the decryption algorithms.

How to Write a Reflective Account Essay

This is only focussing on what you need to include in your reflective study to impart evidence for the units you argon doing, you will need to look at the units you are doing and be guided by the Assessment CriteriaEnsure that when writing your account write reflectively, using I statements, i.e I recorded in the lymph glands daily notes, not it was recorded.You need to ensure you are writing what YOU did, HOW you did it and WHY you did it the style you did.A legal brief history of the candidate, what you have changed the name to, and a brief description of your role in supporting the lymph gland, how did you find andHow you found come on about the customers needs, wishes and preferences regarding communication and language, religion, personal care and any other activities you are responsible forHow did you confirm with the guest this was preferred language and communication rule?How did you find out about any risks to the invitee, and your role in defend them.How did yo u record and share information about the clients communication needs?How did you number your relationship with the client?How did you ensure that you valued the client as an individual, with maintain for their dignity and privacy and respect the clients culture, valves and diversity.How you carried out your oeuvre i.e personal care, and why you did it the way you did, how you found out what support the client wanted from you.Did you support the client to use the toilet, with bathing, dressing and grooming, eating and swallow etc. how did you do this, what H&S precautions did you take and why.How did you encourage the client to identify what they can do for themselves and what they needed service with and who they needed the assistance from? Were there any changes in the clients needs, circumstances etc, what did you do about these.How you ensured that the environment was sage and that you adhered to H&S procedures i.e when lamentable and handling, dealing with conta minated waste, storing equipment and hazardous materials etc. did you carry out H&S checks.What H&S issues did you identify during your work, how did you do by these, how were they reported and recorded.How you encouraged independenceHow did you protect the client and yourself from the risk of transmitting?How you talked to the client, encourage the client to talk about their daily life etc, what methods of communicating did you use, how did you ensure good eye contact during communicating with the client.How did you ensure that the client understood you and you understood them?How did you respond to any questions or concerns the client had, did you see appropriately, did you need to seek advice about the clients or key peoples question or concerns where did you seek this from.Did you identify any discrimination, what did you do about this?How did you ensure that the client had the information about how to make a comment or complaint.How did you declare feedback from c lients and key people on how you were working with them, and from your colleagues and supervisors.How did you identify any sassy knowledge or skills that might help you with training was identified, a later on attending training, how did you use the new skills and knowledge, and was this of any benefit to you in your work. How did you examine what you had learnt and how this new knowledge and skills have been useful?Did you observe any manse or symptoms of harm or abuse, what you did about this, how you reported and recorded this etc.Did you have to manage an accident or emergency, how did you do this how did you support the client and others involved, how and where did you record the incident

Christopher Marlowe Works During The Renaissance

Many major and influential authors emerged during the Renaissance. Among these talented individuals was deliverymanopher Marlowe. Marlowe and his colleague writers of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, impacted the course of writing, which preceded their life. Their plant continue to be read and studied by numerous people, to this day. Christopher Marlowe was a dominant slope poet and playwright, who perhaps was William Shakespeargons around important trumpeter in England (Britannica 917). Of all writers in the Elizabethan era, he was perhaps the roughly dashing, tempestuous, and appealing (Microsoft Encarta).Although Marlowe was considered the most important manoeuvretist, prior to Shakespeare, his entire career as a playwright lasted only six historic period. Marlowe was born on February 6th, 1564 in Canterbury, England. His father, John Marlowe, was a shoemaker and tanner. His mother, Catherine Author, was the daughter of a clergyman. Marlowe escorted Kin gs coach in Canterbury, England. At Kings School, he received a very command education, which was considered one of the best available during that judgment of conviction. The school day began and oddmented with a prayer at six am and five p. m. respectively.In incre manpowert to daily instruction in religion and music, they similarly sang the cockcrow mass in the Cathedral. The boys were allowed to speak solely in Latin, even dapple at play. He was granted a scholarship, established by Matthew Perry, to attend Corpus Christi College in Cambridge. (Gale Research) After receiving his BA in 1584, he became know as Dominus Marlowe(. At suppurate twenty-one, his motto was That which nourishes me, destroys me (Kunitz 823). This statement foretold and wrought his writing style. From there laterward, many an(prenominal) absences from the university were recorded.In 1587, he was allowed to obtain his Masters, only after the privy Council sent a letter to the university making it very befool that his service to the government had frequently taken him abroad. He leftfield Cambridge after six and a half years of study with the intention of fetching holy orders and entering the Anglican Church, as ordained by his scholarship. However, rather he entered the government service, as an agent. In edition, Marlowe became a playwright for the capital of the United Kingdom theatres. As an occasional actor in 1589, Marlowe maintained his role as a regular dramatist for the Lord Admirals Company.He also wrote for The Earl of Nottinghams Companies. Marlowe was lots in trouble with the law, and little is cognise ab place his life, aside from his writings. He led an courageous and dissolute life. Earlier playwrights concentrated on comedy, eon Marlowe worked on tragedy, and advanced it considerably as a dramatic medium. By uncovering the great possibilities for strength and variety of convention in unfilled verse, Marlowe helped to establish the verse as the pred ominant form in the English drama. His outset successful play, Tamburlaine the Great, was divided into two sections, parts one and two.It appeared that to begin with Marlowe intended to only write the first part. However, the popularity of the first part cause him to create a second part. It was produced at Rose Theatre from 1587 to 1588, and create by R. Jhones in 1590. The ambition-maddened hero, in Tamburlaine the Great, was a shepherd, who desired the crown, luxury and power. However, his conquests were shamed by his absurdity. Tamburlaine marked the birth of the Shakespearean drama. The following lines from Tamburlaine illustrate Marlowes opinion of human glory Nature that framd us of quaternion elementsWarring within our breasts for regiment, Doth teach us all to live with aim minds Our souls, whose faculties can comprehend The wondrous architecture of the world, And measure every roll planets course, Still climbing after knowledge infinite, And constantly moving as t he restless spheres, Wills us to wear ourselves and never rest, That meliorate bliss and sole felicity, The sweet fruitition of an earthly crown. (Britannica 917) His masterpiece, The Tragical business relationship of pervert Faustus, told of a man selling his soul for the price of all knowledge.This appealed to the irrational Elizabethans. It was produced in 1594 as Dr. Faustus at the Rose Theatre. V. Simmes published The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus in 1604. The following lines from this work show the possible salvation through Christs inception The stars move still, while runs, the clock will strike, The devil will come, and Faustus must be damnd. O, Ill leap up to my God -Who pulls me down? See, see, where Christs blood streams in the firmament One drop would save my soul, half a drop ah, my Christ Ah, rend not my heart for naming of my ChristYet will I call on him O, spare me, daemon Where is it now? tis gone and see, where God Stretcheth out his arm, and bends his ireful brows Mountains and hills, come, come, and stick on me, And hide me from the heavy wrath of God (Britannica 918) In adjunct to writing plays, Marlowe also wrote poetry. His major poetic work was Hero and Leander. This was partial at his death, the first two sections were completed at his death and the stay two were finished by George Chapman in 1598, almost five years after Marlowes death.Marlowes writing here shows an amazing skill in the management of the narrative decasyllable couplet. No agreement was reached as to the composition determine of this poem, but it is ranked as a major work on with Tamburlaine and Faustus. Marlowe began writing poetry and performing plays, when he entered Kings School. His education shaped him to bring to pass the genius who first created the Shakespearean blank verse drama. This is why many hailed him as The Morning Star, of the turning point from comedy to drama in England (Marlowe Society Home Page).Marlowe had a dangerous reput ation for creation atheist however, he could have had just unorthodox beliefs. He was aquatinted with Sir Walter Raleigh, who was adventurous in his religious beliefs. Marlowe was summoned on May 18th, 1593, to appear before the Privy Council for accounts of atheism and immortality. The charge was a heresy and a most respectable crime the ultimate penalty was burning at the stake. Despite the seriousness of the crime, Marlowe was released bail, however he had to appear at the court daily. Marlowe escaped to Debtford, England.He stayed at Dame Eleanor Bulls digest who hired out rooms and served meals. Marlowe was murdered there on May 30th, 1593, at age 29. The strange circumstances for Marlowes murder in that room in Debtford, have been the subject for many debates. Four men were present at the house on that day Robert Poley was an experienced government agent who carried the Queens most secret letters to and from the courts in Europe. He had arrived from Debtford, straight from The Hague, where he had been on the Queens business. Igram Frizer was the personal servant and business agent of Marlowes patron, doubting Thomas Walsingham.Nicholas Skeres often assisted Poley. Poley, Skeres and Frizer were all experienced con men and liars. as well as present that day was Christopher Marlowe. Some believe that the cause of his murder was a dispute over a dinner bill. Others believed that Marlowe was murdered because the three men believed that he k novel too very much about the government. Although the facts surrounding his death are unknown, the end result was Marlowes death by stab wounds. Igram Frizer was criminate of the murder of Marlowe, however he was pardoned on June 28th, 1593. Marlowe was buried in Debtford on June 1st, 1593.The death of Christopher Marlowe led many scholars to theorize that he faked his death and mistaken the name William Shakespeare to escape the Privy Council. Shakespeare was born two months after Marlowe, and he became very popu lar shortly after the death of Marlowe. Little is known about Shakespeare other then mentioned of his poor education. There is not much evidence of his existence other then baptism paper, and a will left leaving his bed to his wife. There is no mention of his works or manuscripts in his will Marlowe began his career as a poet and playwright towards the end of the Renaissance.The Renaissance was the period from about 1350 to 1600 in which European scholars revived the skill of ancient Greece and Rome. It was a period in European history that saying a re advanceded interest in the arts. In this time, the oculus ages and feudalistic times were transformed into a society dominated by the arts. It was a time of achievements in the arts and sciences as well as a period when people were deeply concerned with religious issues. Renaissance is a French word meaning rebirth. Scholars reacted against what they saw as the bad ages of medieval Europe and revived the learning of ancient Greec e and Rome.Like moving-picture show and sculpture, literature expressed the attitudes of the Renaissance. The middle class formed a demanding new audience, which enjoyed dramatic tales rather the comedies. Literature was often written in the crude language, but some continued to write in Latin. Literature exclamatory religious as well as worldly themes. Invention of impression during the Renaissance greatly increased the number of book available. In the 14th century, Europeans learned from Arabs who had previously learned from the Chinese how to make paper from rags and wood pulp.The fifteenth century invention of movable attribute by Johann Gutenberg also shaped the way literature had previously been written. Gutenberg developed a type of metal that could be used to make movable type. In 1455, the first complete edition of the bible was printed this started the era of printed books. More and more(prenominal) pieces began to be printed up, and thus decreased the cost of books , making them more available and more popular (Beers 245). Each of Marlowes play included a adorer with single passion that dominated them.The character is doomed to destruction overdue to their desire of power. He had a background of classical and theological learning. Marlowe saturnine blank verse into a supple instrument for dramatic expression. (Gale Research). Marlowe worked on tragedy and advanced it immensely. Marlowe shows the power to view a tragic hero from more then one angle, achieving a simultaneous hatful of grandeur and impotence (Microsoft Encarta). Renaissance impacted Marlowe due to the desire of the middle class for tragedy rather then comedy, which had previously been the focus of European literature.Marlowe was one of the first writers of drama and tragedy that shaped the history of Europe. Marlowe dictated the foundation of tragedy of what would rise up as a new era, known as the Shakespearean Era. Writing was a competition and was taken very seriously by writers including Marlowe. Writers are impacted tremendously by the time period that is taken place during their careers. The Renaissance was a time of new ways of writing and expressing ideas, which impacted the attitudes of the people.The writers changed their style to reflect the time and attitudes. They influence the minds of people to think about their ideas and opinions on a finicky subject. Writers can persuade people concerning a topic by revealing the positive and negative aspects of it. Marlowe was an influential and powerful writer. It was unfortunate that his career was eject short. He had a very promising career, but his own decision to become a government agent endangered his career and halt him from becoming an more popular and productive playwright.

Reflecting on self an an entrepreuner

launch The first half of this report is scripted about 1 of the famous German entrepreneurs Klaus KobJoll. It exit embarrass personal, societal and environmental antecedent that influenced KobJolls decisions during his life. In addition, his strengths and weaknesses will be determined and comp ared against my own ones. Second half of report will describe on what kind of endanger I will do my Opportunity Analyses Report. It will include 5 appoint disciplines and 2 key personnel required to be source, as well as skills and competences needed for the start-up of the venture Background Information on Klaus KobJollBeing born(p) on 13 June 1948, Klaus KobJoll is now one of the approximately successful entrepreneurs in atomic number 63 (Schindlerhof n. d. ). His subscriber line portfolio ranges from eating places to hotel business. His entrepreneurial career began when he was 22 by opening a Creperie rennaise restaurant in Erlangen in 1970. From thence on, he established several( prenominal) more(prenominal) restaurants and hotels in Erlangen and Nuremberg. 1 1984, he unresolved the most successful venture in his career, the Landhotel Schindlerhof. Schindlerhof has become one of the best hotels in Europe and won several awards.Klaus KobJoll himself sees business as something that is very personal and should be handled with care. He is the author of books, lectures, and articles on hotel direction (CSA Celebrity Speakers n. d. ). In what ways Klaus KobJoll deal be considered an entrepreneur? KobJoll is believed to be exceedingly successful and rare entrepreneur. He deserve that status through his hard do work and dedication to his ventures. The rigidly high standards that Klaus oblige on himself for running his business, earned him credit and numerous accolades.Moreover, his unique way of dealing with mployees, giving them as much empowerment as they need to learn macrocosm independent, made his company one of the Germanys most productive places. H is desire to grow and manufacture Schindlerhof a better place brought the elaborateness of an originally 19-room hotel into a nearly 100-room hotel with $7mln overturn in 2012 (Wildberg, R 2013). He is as well a fellow member of German Hotel and restaurant Association and became first full member of the Swiss Hoteliers Association (CSA Celebrity Speakers n. d. ).Personal Influences of Klaus KobJoll The plaque of entrepreneurship is highly influenced by individuals personal raits and characteristics (Morrison, A, Rimmington, M Williams, C 1999). From that point of view, Timmons (cited in Morrison, A et al. 1999) suggests that drawship, along with commitment and determination are among desirable traits for an entrepreneur to possess. It offer be seen that Klaus KobJoll is truly is an inspirational and motivational leader. He prompts his employees to be independent by empowering them to spot their individual talents.Klaus KobJoll sees his hotel as a inform in which they grow (Wildberg, R 2013). In addition, be a leader Klaus KobJoll admits that every leader has a select group of qualities. He states that every man can be a manager, but not everyone can become a leader. He highlights several points such as self-confidence, need for achievement, and responsiveness to Those factors in turn correspond with entrepreneurial traits suggested by Schumpeter, McClelland, Baty and Chet et al. (cited in Morrison, A et al. 1999).

Teen Sex

Teen get off Many immatureagers ar engaging in having call forth. A bundle of them be doing it scarce to fit in and some(prenominal) are doing it because of peer pressure. Yes I believe temperance programs discourage teen energize alone a lot of teenagers need an abstemiousness gentility as salutary as a encyclopedic conjure up development. Although some ordinate that Abstinence and comprehensive sex precept programs in cultivates are a bad idea, I think other because some students need table service larn active birth control and if theyre ca-ca for sex.The government needs to fund teen sex programs that guide teenagers through which informal direction they want to go in and things they want to learn about such(prenominal) as Comprehensive training, Abstinence education and Pregnancy. Comprehensive sex education has been turn up more powerful. Comprehensive sex is well needed in schools. It does not back up teens to start having intimate intercourse. T his program is what juvenile people need an honest effective sex education.Comprehensive sex education programs help youth delay from knowledgeable activity, it reduces the practicallyness of inner activity, and it reduces the number of sexual partners and increases safe and contraceptive use. Without a Comprehensive sex education program in schools, teen sex increases, more teens will recognize negative sexual health outcomes and gestation period. medically accurate, age appropriate, comprehensive sex education in schools, education that include education about both, abstinence and contraception, both from a values and public-health perspective. (Rep. Lee and Sen.Frank Lautenberg, 2005, P. 776) Abstinence programs privy help teens delay sex. Sex education classes that focus on encouraging electric razorren to last out abstinent can persuade a significant proportion to delay sexual activity. I think that abstinence education convinces teens to postpone sex which is a h onest thing because they are too young. Without an abstinence program, more students would be engaging in sex. Federal government only property abstinence education, even though at least 75 portion of parents say they want teens to be taught about both abstinence and contraception. (As cited in CQ researcher, 2005, pg. 771) Pregnancy is often the result of teen sex. With abstinence and comprehensive sex education programs, pregnancy grade will decrease. Teen mothers are little likely to finish high school and more likely to end up on welfare, and their children are at greater risk for abuse and neglect. The majority of teen mothers raise their children alone without the help of the childs father, which makes it much harder. Twenty percent of teen mothers have a sustain child before the age of 20. (Sarah Brown, 2005, pg. 763) Its very hard for teen mothers to go to schoolGovernments need to fund teen sex programs that guide teen through sexual activity. Teenagers are having sex to fit in and some are cosmos laboured to have sex because of peer pressure. Schools are not responsible for teens engaging in having sex but it helps a lot for teenagers to go to school and learn about it through Abstinence, Pregnancy and Comprehensive programs. With the students being taught about things it can decrease the pregnancy rate and reduce teen sexual activity. Both teens and the government will arrive at from them teens postpone sex and the government wouldnt have to fund as some(prenominal) teen moms on welfare.

Second Hand Smoking

thesis tilt into our precis First pretend your existing and completed thesis Statement and rewrite it here sec attain take in can be pr hithertoted by quitting or doing it somewhere where it wont harm separate multitude. Second, take your ii or triad financial support elements (usually in the second convict in a thesis Statement) and guide them each their own number (or bullet). Second hand smoking can be prevented by quitting or doing it somewhere where it drug abuse harm other people. yield in your Thesis statement only (the first spot of the first entente) (one) Second hand smoking (two) Harming other people (three optional) Quitting smoking (four optional) Lastly, you must give at least two pieces of specific information to each supporting element. Second roll smoking Causes lung malignant neoplastic disease and in like manner is the cause why some(prenominal) children die with a smoker mention Harming other people Also harming people outside, for examp le people at a bus stop Quitting smoking To also befriend the smokers health, help them quit We leave put in a moorage holder for a conclusion that pass on be completed next week.EXAMPLE Everything in sheer(a) below should be In the grant you turn In by the overdue date Using my gasolene violence Thesis Statement Thesis Statement Gun violence In urban America can be a devastating plague. With gun education, ruin laws, and a conjunction watch, we can help stamp out gun violence. Outline Topic Gun violence In urban America Gun breeding Create classes to teach gun caoutchouc and proper usage Have a tutoring and mentoring program to help teach even more folks Better laws more than gun go through litigation supernumerary local laws that can help control guns Community WatchGive classes on how to form community watches Help form a mental institution that can help coordinate unalike neighborhoods Into groups that can work in concert remnant (We will get Into this later) Second Hand Smoking By millionaires Everything in bold below should be in the assignment you turn in by the due date Gun violence in urban America can be a devastating plague. With gun education, Topic Gun violence in urban America Help form a foundation that can help organize different neighborhoods into groups that can work together Conclusion (We will get into this later)

Procurement Ethics and Quality of Goods Procured in Uganda

MAKERERE UNIVERSITY procurance ETHICS AND QUALITY OF PRODUCTS PROCURED IN THE spherely guardianship SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF THE MINISTRY OF break AND TRANSPORT) BY KIYO MWENDA MUCHIRI 07/K/3250/EXT SUPERVISOR MR ANTHONY TIBAINGANA A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN everywheret ane FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF bachelor-at-arms OF COMMERCE OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY. JULY 2011 DECLARATIONI Kiyo Mwenda Muchiri, do hereby withstand that procural respect adequate motive and timbre of merchandises procured in the dobriny celestial sphere is entirely my unfold original work ,except where ack without delay takeged,and that it has non been submitted beforehand to ein truth some former(a) institution of exalted learning for the select of degree. Signed visualize. conjureMr Kiyo Mwenda Muchiri APPROVAL This investigate repute has been submitted for examination with my approval as the panoramas university supervisor. SignedDate NameMr Ant hony Tibaingana DEDICATION This look for work is consecrated to my dear m opposite MERCY MUTHONI MUCHIRI for the keep love support and motivation whitethorn God bless you very much. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would corresponding to acknowlight-emitting diodege the persona provided by the unmarrieds and insituition mentioned be first gear. First and fore more or less i would analogous to recognise the constant support and donation provided by supervisor Mr Antony Tibaingana. Special naming goes to my loving aunt Nelly Karimi for her continued exemplar support love and c ar.Special thanks goes to the provide of ministry of whole kit and caboodle and transmit and amproc computer programmeetary for their contri unlession to the completion of this work. My sincere gratitudes besides goes to collegues George,Nelson,Kibet,Dickson. Omar,Oscar and Nyambati who i choose sh bed my term of consume with for their support through verboten the course of my field of pick off. tabu larise OF CONTENTS CONTENTPAGE DECLARATIONi APPROVALii DEDICATIONiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTSiv TABLE OF CONTENTSv run OF TABLESix LIST OF FIGURESx ACRONYMSxi ABSTR correspondxii CHAPTER virtuoso1 1. 1Background of the Study1 1. 2 argument of the Problem3 1. 3 enjoyment of the Study4 . 4 Objectives of the Study4 1. 5 Research dubiety4 1. 6Scope of the Study4 1. 6. 1Time Scope5 1. 6. 2Subject Scope5 1. 6. 3Geographical Scope5 1. 7Signifi dejectionce of the Study5 CHAPTER dickens6 literary productions REVIEW6 mental institution6 2. 1Ethics6 2. 1. 1 procurance Ethics6 2. 2How Ethics is keep in lined in state-supported procurance6 2. 3Ethical Issues in Procurement. 8 2. 3. 1Corruption8 2. 3. 2Conflict of kindle11 2. 3. 3Donor Interest12 2. 3. 4Delayment of Funds13 2. 4 persona13 2. 4. 1 reference of Products13 2. 4. 2Determinants of Quality14 2. 4. 3 human existences Procurement and Effective Quality Products and runDelivery. 15 2. 5Public Procurement16 2. 5. 1Procurement in the Ministry of Work and lift17 2. 5. 2Procurement Cycle in the Ministry of kit and boodle and Transport18 2. 5. 3Procurement Methods Fol diminisheded in the Ministry of running(a)s and Transport19 2. 6Effects of wrong Procurement20 2. 7Conclusion21 CHAPTER THREE22 gate counselling22 3. 1Research Design22 3. 2 Survey Population22 3. 3 Sampling Design22 3. 3. 1Sampling size of it of it22 3. 4 first of selective information23 3. 4. 1 essential selective cultivation23 3. 4. 2 inessential selective information23 3. 5Data accruement Methods23 3. 5. 1Observation23 3. 5. 2Survey24 3. Data Collection Instrument24 3. 6. 1Questionnaire24 3. 6. 2Documentary re involve24 3. 6. 3Interview guide,24 3. 7Data Processing abstr form a motion and Presentation24 3. 7. 1Data solveing. The looker afterward gathering the info on that pointfore edit reckon crystalize and tabulate the selective information. 24 3. 7. 2Data analysis. 24 Data presentation. 24 CHAPTER quad25 PRESENTATION OF FI NDINGS, DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION25 installation25 4. 1Demographic Characteristics of Respondents25 4. 2Findings on how products ar acquired in the judicature27 4. 3 Findings on evidences of wrong instal in procural31 4. Findings on the alliance betwixt ethical motive and timbre of inviolables procured33 4. 5Ethics in the system of rules38 CHAPTER FIVE39 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS39 Introduction39 5. 2Summary of purposes39 5. 2. 1Findings on the procural turn fol down in the m break through(p)hed infra the Ministry of Works and Transport. 39 5. 2. 2Findings on the ca delectations of wrong tolerate in procurance in the ministry of Work and Transport. 39 5. 2. 3 Findings on what is the comparisonship betwixt procurance morals and timber of product procured. 39 5. 3Conclusions40 5. 4Recommendation40 5. 5Areas for elevate search40REFRENCES41 APPENDICES42 vermiform appendix ( i)Questionnaire42 APPENDIX (ii)Interview guide47 LIST OF TABLES T ABLEPAGE hold over 1 viewing Sample sizing23 put back 2 present solution rate of respondents25 disconcert 3 Showing the age of the respondents25 give in 4 Showing the take of Education26 duck 5 Showing matrimonial status27 bear board 6 Showing how long one has worked for the establishment27 carry over 7 present whether leverage sequestration argon handled on period28 circuit board 8 Showing whether routines followed helps in procuring choice products29 knock back 9 Showing whether products procured argon of fictional character30 put off 10 viewing whether dim enforcement pecker of procurance even outfulness contri nonwithstandinges to wrong form31 Table 11 Showing whether moral abjection in the parliamentary procedure is a ca habit of unethical engineers32 Table 12 Showing whether unethical formula of masteryder contri pull aheades to unethical communicate by ply33 Table 13 bespeaking whether the ecesis edict of morals contri exactlyes to pure tone products creation procured35 Table 14 screening whether suppliers accumulate formation condition of tincture products36 Table 15 showing whether unethical practice staff has emergenceed in procural low timber products. 36LIST OF CHARTS FIGURE. PAGE map 1 Showing grammatical gender of the respondents26 graph 2 Findings if leverage sequestration economic consumption argon from the exploiter whole of mea certain enoughment28 map 3 Showing whether PPDA cognitive process is followed29 Chart 4 Showing alliance surrounded by moral philosophy and procural30 Chart 5 Showing how low bear has contri besidesed to unethical practices. 32 Chart 6 Findings if in that location is relationship amongst ethical motive and case of unassailables procured33 Chart 7 showing whether system of rules nonplus a pixilated of checking unethical practice of employees. 36 ACRONYMS PPDA Public Procurement and Disposal of Public as vexs AuthorityIGG tester General of Government CHOGMCommon riches Heads of Government concourse PDEProcurement and Disposal Entitity SPSSStatistical Package for Social Sciences MOWTMinistry of Works and Transport ISOInter field of study Standards Organisation ABSTRACT The dominion objective of carrying out this education was to tax the impact of procural ethical motive on the graphic symbol of products procured in the public sphere of influence a case field of view of the ministry of working and trasport,and to come up with particular issues that occupy to be addressed in assign to dress their effectviness and talent in their procurance activities.The champaign utilise cross sh atomic number 18 design where entropy was ga thitherd contact once over a extremity of duration in the ministry of work and revel ranging from the period (2000-2010). The interrogation physical exercised descriptive inquiry design which absorbs the phenomenon it was undertaken in inn to ascertain and be able to describe th e characteristics of variables of interest. The sens practised a test size of 37 respondents who were purposively selected. Self adsubgenus Pastored questionnaires and reference guides were the main instruments of study and data was examine using frequencies, percentages and maps using Microsoft excel.Findings on procurance morals was that in that respect some ethical issues that arise such(prenominal) as grafting, nepotism, tribalism, springing of hush-hush learning, pressure from those in imprimatur to a higher place, allocate of fuck offs to those who argon non the outdo evaluated bidders, meshing of interest, leave out of transp bency and single sourcing, embezzlement of nones and alike harassment this was attributed to rapacity and low counterbalance claimed to the employees. Findings on type of products procured were that when the PPDA procural performances be followed majority of the employees were of the view that it set in to procural of lineament products.Recommendation on the issue of ethics and note is that procurement surenessrs should al miens be sensitized on the importance of ethics and the society as whole ask to be better on the importance of ethics to p ar on the unethical practices by bidder CHAPTER ONE 1. 1Background of the Study accord to (Kenneth Lyson 2007) procurement ethics is the normal contract giving medication an individual or mathematical group concern to what is effective or wrong.Ethics is round fairness deciding what is right or wrong delimitate practices and rules which underpin responsible trade amidst individuals and group it is a sense of fair both of conviction and action. (International standards organization 8402) defines the of import cost relating to step concepts, it states that note is the conglomeration of features and characteristics of a product that bears on the subject to satisfy state or implied need and they go ahead to give the dimensions of pro perty as performance, reliability usableness ossification specialty aesthetics and perceived lineament. gibe to look through with(p) by (Edgar Agbar and Niegel shipman 2006) titled public procurement reform in ontogeny countries the Ugandan experience, procurement in Uganda consists 70% of the national budget and yet harmonize to the inspector general of brass 90% of complaints about mess upion in the office argon procurement think, and according to the (Afri keep pear get across 2006) pubic atomic number 18na losses 268. 6 million dollars conditi however cod to unethical practices.In 2005 procurement audit carried out by the public procurement and authorities potentiality in Uganda out of the 322 slims audited altogether 7 of the contract were clean that is exactly 2% of the contract refreshed. check to the (parliamentary storys commission report on common wealthiness heads of judicature assumeing 2009) focus oning on ministry of industrial plant a nd disco biscuit just about of the products procured by the ministry were not of the right fictional character. For example over one cardinal shillings were lost callable to buying of little winding materials like asphalt, sand, stones, stigma which were not of the right criterion and look.This was attributed to the give-up the ghost in the procurement ethics and procedures. The listener general similarly heighted on the myopic character reference of the lanes and wanted the contracts for construction of those roads terminated and governance specie refunded or decl arrs make good of at that place whole caboodle, be make up nigh of the roads constructed or theorise had potholes or ripped and some stretches of the roads soberly done and not of the recommended design and in some cases the roads were designed and not constructed at all for example the M anyago road (62kms) the Najjanamkumbi-Makindye road 1. km designed by MBW consulting engineers. According to the parliamentary accounts delegation on commonwealth heads of political relation meeting 2009) the ministry of workings and transferral was responsible for procuring fomites for rapture. The vehicles were to entangle decision maker vehicles for the majesty and other heads of government, police vehicle and push cycles, ambulances command and patrol vehicles at be Shillings 20 gazillion.This was supposed to be done through a belligerent process and the last two best evaluated bids were by spear motors and motor precaution Uganda limited, spear motors had the best bid but the ministry decide to use send sourcing and the contract was awarded to motor c atomic number 18 Uganda limited admit by 56 percentages by a cabinet minister Hon. Kuteesa.The company claimed to be importing BMWS from Ger some(prenominal) but they were importing them from Austria and Denmark the initials cost was 38,000 euros for a tarnish pertly BMW from Germany but the ministry of work and extend spent over 47,000 euros for jiffy hand BMWs from Austria and Denmark which did not conform to the standards crop by the procurement entity under the ministry. They were 204 BMWs but it is believed that 174 of he BMWs were not of the requisite standard.Also Toyota (u) limited was given a direct contract to supply ambulances at a cost shillings 2,893,469, 700 billion. The ambulances were supposed to be 23 and all of ambulances did not conform to the set standard of theatrical role and judicial admission. They wished oxygen cylinders, hooks, medicine cabinets, emergency lights. Although the manu eventurers ac noesisd these defects and the low reference of the ambulances nothing was done to rectify the situation. The committal also assemble out that only 21 of 23 ambulances were apprizeted. 1. 2 Statement of the ProblemThe lack of procurement planning, rot and affair of interest and political interference has led to procurement of silly timberland products in the minist ry of flora and s way of life for example minister for work Hon Byabagambi outside of the commonwealth heads of government budget he directed the advisor engineers (M/s Multiplan) to carry out redundant industrial plant which were not strong say outside the law in light disregard for the law this variation led to a loss of shillings 1. 7billion. This was flouting of the public procurement and governing authority law.The procurement bindment in Uganda varies in major way due to the fact that most projects atomic number 18 donor funded institutions like the cosmea bank, international monetary fund and the European aggregate and thus there is no torso in the ministry of kit and boodle and transport for a certain procurement system and creating loopholes for unethical staff to embezzle coin through pith like defining precondition to fit single contractors, substituting qualify goods with inferior goods selective release of companionship to prelude contractors, charge for skills beneath those stipulate which is causing poor graphic symbol organism procured. . 3 Purpose of the Study The study is carried out in disposition to perish on the relationship amongst procurement ethics and quality of products procured. 1. 4 Objectives of the Study (i) To undercoat procurement procedure used/ followed under the ministry of workings and transport. ii) To identify the cause of unethical conduct by procurement military unit in ministry of works and transport. iii) To assess the relationship between procurement ethics and quality of product procured. 1. 5 Research Question i) How are procurement procedures followed under the ministry of works and transport? i) What are the causes of un-ethical conduct in procurement in the ministry of works and transport? iii) What is the relationship between procurement ethics and quality of products procured? 1. 6Scope of the Study The scope include three major areas that is 1. 6. 1Time Scope The research leave quarter be done between January to June 2011 and the research intends to concentrate on the lit published between 2000-2010 in erect to identify the variable problems. 1. 6. 2Subject Scope The study shall be done in the ministry of works and transport and shall concentrate at heart capital of Uganda city.The people to be interviewed in the study are the employees of the ministry under the procurement surgical incision. The contextual scope of this study testament focus on the impact of procurement ethics on quality of products procured. 1. 6. 3Geographical Scope The study entrust be carried out in the ministry of Works and Transport in capital of Uganda district plot 4/6 Entebbe Uganda. 18 Signifi good dealce of the Study The research leave alone be signifi movece in the spare-time activity ways The study leave behind help improve my skills and knowledge as a research worker in doing research. The study ordain also help improve the ministry of Works and Transport in appreciating procurement ethics and thus improving quality of product and service offered by the ministry. The research will also contribute knowledge as literature review to researchers fire in the same area of research. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter deals with review of the related literature on the study of the variables specifically procurement ethics and quality of products procured in the public sector in Uganda. . 1Ethics Moral teachings that govern a mortals behavior or the conducting of an finish, It whoremaster also be described as the branch of knowledge that deals with moral article of faith (oxford dictionary 2001). Ethics provoke also be described as principle of conduct governing an individual or a profession. (Websters third new international dictionary) (According to Kenneth Lyson 2006) Ethics is the principle of conduct governing an individual or groups, concern for what is right or wrong, good or bad. 2. 1. Procurement Ethics Th e main principle of procurement ethics are rectitude or objectivity, at large(p)ness and full disclosure, confidentiality, due diligence, competence and duty of care, fidelity captain responsibility, avoiding electric emf or apparent contravene of interest. These can be characterized by accountability, responsiveness, professionalism, transparency, unfold competition, confidentiality, non discrimination and fair play. (Kenneth Lyson 2006). 2. 2How Ethics is batten big bucksd in Public ProcurementEthics in the ministry of works and transport has been attendd through a put in place code of ethical conduct in profession which must be signed by employees which is listed below 1. Employees shall not use their authority for individual(prenominal) do good and shall seek to uphold and uphold composition of the Ugandan government. 2. Employees shall reveal any nonpublic interest that may conflict or might be deemed by others to impinge on employees profession dealing. 3. ( i) Employees shall respect the confidentiality of information received in the course of business dealing and shall never use such information for personal gain. ii) Information given by employees in the course of business dealing shall be true and fair and not designed to mislead. 4. Employees shall avoid any business musical arrangement that might pr flusht effective exploit of fair matched. 5. Employees shall not accept business gifts from current or potential government suppliers. 6. Employees shall refrain from any business cordial reception that might be viewed by others as having an influence in making a government business decision. public procurement and government of public asset authority act 2003) Also there chit measures put in place by the (public procurement and establishment authority act 2003)to ensure ethics are maintained in the government ministries like ministry of works and transport where in function 95 a list of offences are listed like colluding to c ommit fraudulent or corrupt act, exerting undue influence on any officer or employee, refusal to answer quote and on conviction one is likely to a fine of 250 currency point and each currency is worth 20,000 Uganda shillings or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 3 old age or both. . 3Ethical Issues in Procurement. 2. 3. 1Corruption One of the major factors that yarn-dye quality of products procured in the public sector is subversion few activities create greater temptation or offer much opportunities for rotting than the public sector procurement. just now a day will pass by without some other major inglorious public procurement activity in the papers (pope 2000).For example in the ministry of works and transport out of the 91 billion offered for construction of roads during the common wealth heads of government meeting 21 billion was lost due to corruption by the officers in the ministry (Parliamentary accounts committee report 2009). The main purpose of the procurem ent procedure is to ensure exoneratedness to all stakeholders snarly in the procurement exercises. (Robert 1988) argues that corruption can be equated to the formulae = (M + D A) where corruption equals to monopoly, discretion deduction accountability. J M Ntayi 2009) on the other hand notes that corruption in to the lowest degree giveed countries occurs when there is motive and opportunity, corruption is a crime of opportunity, the opportunity creation institution inefficiencies. Corruption procurement is gee and at alarming levels, the integrity and ethics of procurement staff and those helping out with technical activities is gamely questioned since they do not seem to adhere to any code of ethical conduct to guide there ethical responsibilities.According to (Wade 1995) corruption may make up transaction cost by 50%. A corruptr who wants violate the law has a couple of opportunities in his ownership through which he can operate the process in a sought after direction , these include arranging the composition of a tended in such a way that one may avoid the practise of volunteering procedures in a higher place the threshold and instead use simplified procedures including designing the technical specification or scathe of reference to opt a certain product or service or to exclude potential bidders.Others are including the award criteria in tender evaluation which are completely moot to the actual procurement and evidently anti-Semite(prenominal) towards certain suppliers. Manipulation of the process can include using non- implanter tendering procedures such as restricted procedure or direct procurement , designing contract arrangement with obvious ambition to choose a certain suppliers, accepting ludicrous information and misleading documentation from bidders and consumption of the decision making process (Westring and jadoun 2001).The (World camber report 2000) rates public procurement as an area of government activity in which the risk of corruption are very game. The World Bank further asserts that to offer total solutions which would continue to deliver advantages and to be responsible to the future needs of clients the key strength lie in the skills and professionalism of staff. This requires the ability to gain a soused understanding of the clients business through dressing and capacity building.It should be say that corruption in procurement is not goop domain of the buyer who controls the purse thread but the supplier or contractor who makes an unsolidated offer can easily tiro it, corruption in procurement also takes form of tailoring specification to raise particular supplier restricting information about spying opportunities and creating situations of emergencies and urgency so as to use single cum narration simultaneously supplier can corrupt the procurement process by colluding to fix bid prices offering bribes and engaged in the evaluation process and thus impact quality of goods, wo rks and supplies procured ( Pope 2000). The most frequent source of corruption public procurement takes the form of commissions nonrecreational or purchased items to officials in the procurement process.This practice threatens expire decision making by those involved in the procurement process for the higher commissions the better the opportunities of get from the bulletproof and thus affecting quality of goods, works and supplies (Vinold journal of trade 2001). The recipients of clandestine money in the case of government contracts are not only public officials but also members of parliament, political parties and their office bearer. The national laws allow such contributions provided the payment are dis shut upd and are made without mindset of favors, in practice however the business theatres making such payments try to find assurances from the recipient that they would helped by persuading the government the take decisions that would benefit there companies (Vinold journa l of world trade, 2001).The (Inspector general of government report 2005) further shows that there has been persistent flouting of the laid set ashore procedures and guidelines by procuring entities. This has emergenceed into colossal loss of high sums of public funds and the procurement of goods, works and supplies that barely meet their mean objectives. 2. 3. 2Conflict of Interest (According to Pope 2000) conflict of interest in procurement is the order of the day. This arises when people in the public sector are influenced by personal and pecuniary consideration when doing their jobs thereby influencing their decisions. Decisions are made for the wrong argues in favor of people to whom they are close thus impairing the objectivity and independence of their judgments on quality specifications.In procurement when handling a tender, all conflict should be noted recorded and the official involved should then exclude themselves from further involvement in the tender awarding deci sions. (Pope 2000) further asserts that the procurement process should have clearly stated and well understood policies and procedures as well as written codes of conduct to deal with actual, potential and perceived conflict of interest. He is of the view that if a relative is by all odds the best evaluated bidder they shall be awarded the tender if the correct procedure is followed. In the ministry of works and transport there is a precision for direct sourcing to favor one company planning every time there is a conflict of interest either among the officers involved in procurement or when there is olitical pressure coming from higher up for example the ministry in 2007 opted to lease vehicles at a cost of 4. 17 billion shillings from motor care Uganda limited for use for a short period of times earlier than buying vehicles from motor spears at a cost of shillings 6 billion of which the vehicles would have been completely purchased by the ministry this was a event of cabinet ministers interest in the purchase of the goods (Parliamentary account committee report 2009) news leak of information during the tendering process is a serious ethical procurement issue. This is where some officers leak information to their preferred bidder in advance of the advertizement and afford them an advantage in the preparation of bids. Celentani and Ganuza 1989) consider a procurement problem when potential bidder have private information about their production cost since the procurement element is also in charge of verifying delivered quality in exchange for a bribe, they argue that the agent can allow an arbitrary firm to be awarded the realization of the project and to discover a quality level cast down than announced. According to (Strombom 2001) government procurement contracts for construction project such as airports deems and highways become immense opportunities for bribes, kickbacks and other payoffs and this is the reason for the below par works done by th e firms awarded the contracts. 2. 3. 3Donor InterestDonor interest sometimes hinders the best practices in procurement, in cases where donor favor firms from their own countries of origin even though there are other firms that can offer superior quality products. In cases of spectacular construction and other contracts even after tenders are issued, pressure is applied by foreign government at a high political level for the contracts to be awarded to their companies it is common to hold out a promise for additional provisions of financial aid if the contract is awarded to them (Vinold journal of world trade, 2001). Procuring can conclude with contractors by omitting inevi postpone advertising or calling for bids with trim bids submission periods.Splitting of contracts can be done to avoid exceeding threshold set by the tender boards. 2. 3. 4Delayment of Funds The ( Inspector general of government report 2002) stipulates that the lack of funds on a well-timed(a) buns from minis try of finance planning and scotch development has also led to procurement malpractices procuring entities claim they cannot advertise tender when they are not sure of the availableness of funds from the ministry of finance, planning and economic development so when the funds are received afterwards procurement procedures are not followed in the acquisition of goods, works and operate conduceing in low quality of goods works and run purchased.Entities normally cite cash commingle constraint and therefore end up splitting amount which would require divers(prenominal) rules of purchasing, contract for such suppliers are usually renewed extended for much hourlong period these unethical practices are the reason why the government keeps on procuring low quality goods which do not meet their objectives as a result of lack of competition in the tendering process. 2. 4 Quality (International standard organization) ISO defines quality as the integrality of feature and characterist ics of a product that bears on the ability to satisfy stated or implied needs and they go ahead to give dimensions of quality as performance, reliability serviceability conformance durability aesthetics and perceives quality. 2. 4. 1Quality of Products (According to Garvin 2007) quality of a product procured can be seen through five cash advancees which are as follows Transcendent admittance quality is compulsive and universally recognizable. The oncept is intimately related to likeness of product attributes and characteristics. Product based approach quality is a precise and measured variable in this approach inequality in quality devises difference in quality of some product characteristics. exploiter based approach quality is delimit in impairment of fitness for use or how well the product fulfills its intended tends. Manufacturing based approach quality is conformance to specification that is targets and tolerance determined by product designers. Value based approach quality is determined in terms of cost and prices, here a quality products one that provides performance at an delightful price or conformance to an pleasant cost.Quality is therefore determined by fit technical consideration such as fitness for use performance arctic and reliability with economic factors including price and availability it is therefore the optimum quality for the application that should be sought rather than the highest quality. Quality of goods procured can be determined by if they meet technical specification, bringing, environmentally sound, quality assurance, and accuracy of documentation speed of response and customer service. 2. 4. 2Determinants of Quality According to (Kelly and male person 2003) the following are the determinants of quality in purchasing Customer satisfaction another benchmark for quality is the ability to meet customer expectation or even exceeds them. Conformance to specification a product is be deemed to have high quality if it con form the specification spelt like design, size, color, weight.Product attributes This is what leads to certain dimension of qualities for example performance, features, reliability, serviceability, durability safety and aesthetics. Budget cost a product is deemed to be of quality if it is within cost and its performance is at an delightful cost. Timing product quality can also be determined by the time which it is delivered on, is it at the right time that was specified or has the product rake been delayed. Leadership how is the executive team and all the managers inspiring and ensuring total quality for ceaseless improvement in the organization. Goals/policy how the companies goals and policies reflect the principle of total quality of products. 2. 4. Public Procurement and Effective Quality Products and Service Delivery. Effective procurement practices are be as those systems offering a high level transparency, accountability and value for money. (Ministry of plea procurement handout, 2004). The principle aim of procurement should be to obtain goods and services of the right quality in the right quantity from the right source, delivered to the right place and at the least cost and price (Lyson 2000 Telgen 2007). boffo and efficient procurement practices are those that meet the need of customers carry through optimum condition and value in regard to allocating of scarce tax payers resources (J. M Ntayi 2009).The practice needs a undertaking force with effective worry skills that develop clear and professional specifications with full knowledge of a competitive process dialogue and monitor skill. (Hunja Steane et al 2003) continues to say that procurement system implemented with sound counsel practices in place ensure successful quality and service delivery to stakeholders. The sound practices demand that those responsible for implementing procurement should ensure that the objectives are clear and that quality is bear on (Walker and Sidwell 1996) continues to say performance quality should not be measure on the basis of time and cost only but also quality of product and services as well as other relevant measures.According to research done assessing competitive procurement procedures, findings indicate that it is a fact that competition in public procurement does improve efficiency and effectiveness. Competition is the belief of a free marketplace economy and it is the basis for cost effective purchasing quality and timeliness. It keeps providers on their toes it is an incentive for induction improvement in quality and drop-off in cost in improves prissy allocation of government resources, high quality and timely procurement and budgetary saving. (Lemke 2003) 2. 5Public Procurement Acquisition by purchase, rental, lease, hire purchase, license, occupation franchise or any other contractual factor of goods or services by the government. (Telgen 1998). 2. 5. 1Procurement in the Ministry of Work and TransportPublic pro curement is a powerful instrument for the variety and realization of social economic goals and pass around and competitive public procurement and contracting procedure begins with the government description of its need and initiation of suppliers to indicate their interest in the contract and there professional capacity to fulfill it. (Sigma policy truncated 2000). The government identifies potential suppliers and invites them to submit bids. The process must ensure that supplier can infarction meet the specification of product quality, delivery dates and continuity. After the bidding phase most procurement system require a public declaration of competitors names and bid price of the successful bidder (Sigma policy brief 2000). The procurement cycle is often high complex process.thither is a series of closely interrelated activities between the initial identification of needs and the final delivery of quality product and services which requires coordination and quality control t o achieve the best value. However this can be undermined by unethical practices by the officers in the procuring entity. (Westing and jadoun 1996) Effective procurement is considered to be a key strategic management tool in driving down cost and improving operational efficiency opus ineffective procurement wastes money resources and time (Westing and Jadoun 1996). 2. 5. 2Procurement Cycle in the Ministry of Works and Transport The following are the procurement procedures that are followed in the ministry of works and transport as per the guidelines issued by the (public procurement and temperament of public assets authority 2003). ) Procurement plan and budget this procedure is undertaken by the user subdivision, procurement unit, board/ council and the invoice officer. b) Procurement require This is the responsibility of the user department c) Confirmation of available funds the accounting officer is the one to undertake the function. d) palingenesis of specification, procur ement manners potential supply market procurement method evaluation criteria and potential supply market. This is the duty of the procurement unit and the user department. e) Procurement methods approval is the responsibilities of the contracts committee. f) zeal of bidding documents this roles is vie by the procurement unit. ) Approval of bidding documents This role is played by the contracts committee h) Advertisement and invitation of bids the advertizing is done by the procurement unit and it should be in a newsprint of wide circulation. i) Receipt and opening of bids this is the procedure is undertaken by the procurement unit but it must be done in front of bidders. j) Evaluation of bids the evaluation of bids is the role of the procurement unit and the user department which will provide technical inputs. k) retread of evaluation report this is the responsibility of the contracts committee l) Award of contract this is the responsibility of the contracts committee.. ) sig n of contract, communication of awards, administrative review this is the work of the accounting officer he does this on behalf of all the members of procuring disposing entity. n) issue management and monitoring the responsibilities of contract management and monitoring fall to the user department and procurement unit the user department shall report any departure from the contract by bidders. o) Contract performance evaluation and report the duties will be performed by the user department and the procurement unit. 2. 5. 3Procurement Methods Followed in the Ministry of Works and Transport The following are some of the methods of procurement that are used in the ministry of works and transport to ensure quality products are purchased generate domestic bidding this method is open to participation on equal terms by all providers through advertisement of procurement or disposal opportunity. Open international bidding this method is open to participation on equal terms by all provider s through advertisement of the procurement disposal activity and which specifically seeks to attract foreign providers. Restricted domestic bidding is the procurement or disposal method where bids are obtained by direct invitation without open advertisement. Restricted international bidding is the procurement or disposal procedure where bids are obtained by direct invitation without open advertisement and the invited bidders include foreign providers.Quotations and proposals are simplified procurement and disposal method which compare price quotation obtained from a number of providers. Direct procurement is a sole source procurement disposal method which shall be used for very low value requirement. Micro procurement this method is used for very low value procurement requirement. The higher up methods are recommended by the (public procurement and disposal authority act 2003). According to J M Ntayi (2009) the continuing preference by the ministry of works and transport for direct procurement and small procurement has hindered competition and thus affecting quality of products and resulting in increased cost. 2. 6Effects of unethical Procurement According to the parliamentary account committee on common wealth heads of government meeting report 2009)The following are some of the effects of unethical procurement Poor quality of materials purchased. There will be inflated prices. red of government funds. Slows down economic in economic development of a country. 2. 7Conclusion In culmination, the ministry of works and transport is falling behind in implementing effective procurement of quality product as a result of increasing discriminatory and non transparent mover of procurement that do not favor accountability this was highlighted in the research by (Edgar Agbar and Niegel shipman 2006) titled public procurement reforms in developing countries.According to them public procurement and disposal of public assets authority act (PPDA ACT 2003) gives the organization the mandate for the following functions advisory, data management, capacity building and audit function so as to improve good governance fight corruption and bring forward economic development and thus make key changes in procurement in Uganda and thus helping improve government function in the statutory bodies, commutation government and local government, However the organization is not autonomous enough to ensure implementation.. CHAPTER THREE Introduction This chapter discusses how the study will be carried out. It discusses the research design the have design, sources of the data, data collection methods, tools, data processing, analysis, and presentation. 3. 1 Research Design The design used will be cross instalment study where data will be gathered just once over a period of time in the ministry of works and transport ranging from the period (2000-2010).The research will use descriptive research design which describes the phenomenon it will be undertaken in ord er to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of variables of interest. The research sought to inform the relationship between procurement ethics and quality of products procured in the ministry of works and transport. 3. 2 Survey Population The survey commonwealth will include the management and employees of the purchasing function and firms offering technical expertness to the purchasing function, the survey population were of 60 people. 3. 3 Sampling Design nonrandom and simple random sampling without switch will be used. 3. 3. Sampling Size The exemplar size using the krejcie and Morgan (1970) method will be of 37 members, where the sample will be from the ministry of works and transport and consultant firms offering technical expertise. Table 1 Showing Sample Size Sample group Sample size Procurement office 25 technical experts 12 supply 37 kickoff direct election data. 3. writer of Data 3. 4. 1Primary Data Primary data will be obtained from the mini stry of works and transport through the use of interviews and questionnaires. 3. 4. 2Secondary Data Secondary data will be obtained from the already existing information both internal sources which are found within the organization and external sources were roll up from publication and journals. 3. 5Data Collection Methods 3. 5. 1Observation The researcher intends to use no(prenominal) controlled non participant observation where the researcher will not participate and will watch everything from a distance eyepatch watching the researcher will be noting down the phenomenon. 3. 5. 2SurveyThis will be done through collecting information about the variables that is procurement ethics and the quality of products procured in the ministry of works and transport and technical experts in the sample. 3. 6Data Collection Instrument 3. 6. 1Questionnaire Semi incorporate questionnaires will be distributed to respondents who will be given time to answer them and establish them for solving a nd analyzing by the researcher. 3. 6. 2Documentary review Secondary data will be obtained from class period already existing notes and taking notes of materials that is related to the research and a conclusion was reached from them. 3. 6. 3Interview guide, casual interviews will be conducted using open ended questions the interview guide will help the researcher to carry out dialogue that is meaningful. 3. Data Processing psychoanalysis and Presentation 3. 7. 1Data processing. The researchers after gathering the data will edit code break up and tabulate the data. 3. 7. 2Data analysis. The researcher will use computer programs like Microsoft excel and (SPSS) statistical package for social sciences. This will result in computation of certain measures finding the relationships transforming and modeling data in order to highlight useful information. 3. 7. 3 Data presentation. The researcher will put the results of the research into graphs charts and tabular arrays into visual way o f looking of data. CHAPTER FOUR PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS, DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION IntroductionThis chapter presents analysis done in relation to the study objectives and research questions in chapter one, of this report under the topic procurement ethics and quality of products procured in the public sector case study of ministry of public works and transport. 4. 1Demographic Characteristics of Respondents Table 2 Showing response rate of respondents retort frequency fortune (%) Actual response 33 89. 2 Non response 4 10. 8 ingrained questionnaires issued 37 carbon citation firsthand quill data Table 2 According to Table 2 above it shows that out of the questionnaires issued the number of response was 89. % which is a good response rate which one can depend on to make conclusion and recommendation and the non response was 10. 8% Table 3 Showing the age of the respondents board frequence lot (%) 20-29 13 39. 4 30-39 8 24. 2 40-49 6 18. 2 50 and above 6 18. 2 heart 23 coke commencement uncomplicated data nigh respondents were in the age group 20-29 comprising 39. 4 % followed by age support 30-39 with 24. 2% with the age bracket 40-49 and 50 and above both comprising 18. 2% this implies that most of the employees are aged 40 geezerhood and below. Chart 1 Showing gender of the respondents pic start primary data According to chart 1 above most of the respondents were male comprising 57. 5% and only 42. 5% of the respondents were female this implies more males are industrious than females. Table 4 Showing the Level of Education Level of education relative frequency division (%) Certificate 3 9. sheepskin 9 27. 3 Degree 14 42. 4 Post graduate 6 18. 2 Others 1 3 descend 33 100 origination primary data From knock back 4 above the level of education was found to be as follows those holding a security in procurement were 9. 1%, 27. % of the respondents were parchment holders bit majority of the respondents were degree hol ders 42. 4% with 18. 2% being post graduates piece of music 3% were holding other capability Table 5 Showing Marital status Marital status relative frequency circumstances (%) Single 14 42. 5 Married 18 54. 5 widow or divorced 1 3. 0 Total 33 100. 0 Source primary data From the above table 42. % of the respondents were single man 54. 5% are married with 3% being widow or divorced this shows that most employees working for the organization are married. Table 6 Showing how long one has worked for the Organization Number of days worked relative frequency Percentage (%) Below 5 years 14 42. 4 mingled with 5 and 10 years 11 33. 3 Between 11 and 15 years 5 15. 2 Above 15 years 3 9. Total 33 100. 0 Source primary data From the above table showing the number of years the respondents has worked for the organization 42. 4% have worked there for below 5 years, 33. 3% have worked for the organization between 5 and 10 years and 15. 2% have worked for the ministry between 11 an d 15 years time 9. 1 % of the respondents have worked for the organization above 15 years. 62 Findings on how products are purchased in the organization Chart 2 Findings if purchase requisition used are from the user unit pic Source Primary data From chart 2 above it indicates that 36. % of the respondents powerfully markd that purchase requisition from user units are used, 45. 5% check into that purchase requisition from user units are used time 6. 1% are not sure with 12. 1% dis breaking that requisition from user units are used part none of the respondents disaccordd this means that purchase requisitions are used. Table 7 showing whether purchase requisition are handled on time Response Frequency Percentage (%) potently ascertain 2 6. 1 ascertain 13 39. non sure 8 24. 2 differ 7 21. 2 potently disaccord 3 9. 1 Total 33 100 Source primary data From table 7 above 6. 1% potently agree there is handling of requisition on time enchantment 39. 4% agree that requisit ions are handled on time 24. 2% are not sure whether requisition are handled on time dapple 21. 2 discords with 9. powerfully dissenting this means that purchase requisitions are not handled on time Chart 3 Showing whether PPDA procedure is followed pic Source primary data From chart 3 above 21. 2% powerfully agree that PPDA procedure are followed 42. 4% agree that PPDA procedures are followed 12. 7 % are not sure whether PPDA procedure is adhered to with 21. 2% disagreeing that PPDA procedures are followed while 30% powerfully disagreeing with the statement this implies that PPDA procedure are followed Table 8 Showing whether procedures followed helps in procuring quality products Response Frequency Percentage (%) powerfully agree 11 33. Agree 15 45. 4 non sure 6 18. 2 protest 1 9. 1 potently disagree 0 0 Total 33 100 Source primary data According to table 8 above 33. 3 % of the respondents powerfully agree that procurement procedure followed result in procuring of q uality goods with 45. 4% agreeing also, 18. % of the respondents are not sure whether the procedures followed results in procuring quality goods while 9. 1 % disagree with none of the respondents strongly disagreeing this implies that the procedure followed results in procuring quality products. Table 9 Showing whether products procured are of quality Response Frequency Percentage (%) Strongly agree 9 27. 3 Agree 13 39. 3 non sure 6 18. Disagree 4 18. 2 Strongly disagree 1 3. 0 Total 33 100 Source primary data From the findings in table 9 above27. 3% of the respondents strongly agree that products procured are of quality,39. 3% also agree that the products procured are of quality while 18. 2% are not sure 12. 7% of the respondents disagree goods procured are of quality while 3. 0% strongly disagree.Most employees think that me reason goods, being procured now are now are of quality is because of the PPDA procedures put in place this implies that products procured are of qual ity. 4. 3 Findings on causes of unethical practice in procurement Chart 4 Showing relationship between ethics and procurement pic Source primary data The presentation from chart 4 above shows that there is a relationship between ethics and procurement because 91% of the respond concord with the statement while 9% stated that there is no relationship, They gave the main reason being that that an ethical person is willing perpetually to conducts himself in a moral way and this guides procurement. Ethics was defined by many as a discipline governing conduct in on organization.Table 10 showing whether faded enforcement measure of procurement law contributes to unethical practice Response Frequency Percentage (%) Strongly agree 9 27. 3 Agree 14 42. 4 Not sure 2 6. 0 Disagree 4 12. 1 Strongly disagree 4 12. Total 33 100 Source primary data According to the results of table 10 above 27. 3% of the respondents thought that weak enforcement measure of the law contributed to unethica l practices with 42. 4% agreeing while 6. 0% were not sure 12. 1% disagreed and 12. 1% strongly disagreed this indicates that weak enforcement measures of the law contributes to unethical practices. Table 11 Showing whether moral degradation in the society is a cause of unethical conducts Response Frequency Percentage (%) Strongly agree 8 24. Agree 10 30. 3 Not sure 7 21. 2 Disagree 5 15. 2 Strongly disagree 3 9. 1 Total 33 100 Source primary data Results from table 11 above shows that 24. 2% of the population strongly agreed that moral degradation in the society causes unethical conduct with 30. % agreeing while 21. 2% were not sure with 21. 2 disagreeing that moral degradation in society causes unethical conduct and 9. 1% strongly disagreed this means that the respondents agree that moral degradation of the society contributes to unethical conduct. Chart 5 Showing how low pay has contributed to unethical practices. pic Source primary data According to the presentation in c hart 5 above, 45. 5% of the respondents agreed that low pay has contributed to unethical practices with 15. 1% not being sure and 9. 1% disagreeing non of the respondent strongly disagreed that low pay does not cause unethical practices this indicates that 90. % of the respondents agree that low pay contributes to unethical practices. Table 12 Showing whether unethical practice of bidder contributes to unethical conduct by staff Response Frequency Percentage (%) Strongly agree 10 30. 3 Agree 10 30. 3 Not sure 4 12. 1 Disagree 6 18. Strongly disagree 3 9. 1 Total 33 100 Source Primary data According to the results in table 12 above, 30. 3% of the respondents strongly agreed that unethical practice of bidder contributes to unethical practice of employees with 30. 3% also agreeing while 12. 1% were not sure. 18. 2% disagreed that unethical practice of attracter contributes to unethical practice of employees while 9. 1% strongly disagreed this gives the implication that conduct of bidder can affect the conduct of procurement staff.Some of unethical practices cited by the respondents include corruption, favoritism, fraud, extortion and sexual harassment, bribery with the respondents citing greed, low payment, and lack of effective inform system as the main causes of unethical practices 4. 4Findings on the relationship between ethics and quality of goods procured Chart 6 Findings if there is relationship between ethics and quality of goods procured pic Source Primary Data Most of the respondents from the findings of chart 6 above agreed that there is a relationship between ethics and quality of goods procured comprising 94% while 6% stated that there was no relationship. According to the respondents when one is ethical it results to award of bids to best evaluated bidders and that the procurement procedures will be adhered to resulting to procurement of quality goodsTable 13 showing whether the organization code of ethics contributes to quality products bei ng procured Response Frequency Percentage (%) Strongly agree 9 27. 3 Agree 11 33. 3 Not sure 6 18. 2 Disagree 4 12. 1 Strongly disagree 3 9. Total 33 100 Source primary data From table 13 above, 27. 3% strongly agree that the organization code of ethics contribute to quality products being produced with 33. 3% agreeing while 18. 2% of the respondents were not sure, 12. 1% of the respondents disagree that the organization code of ethics has contributed to procuring of quality products with 9. 1% strongly disagreeing this implies that organization code of ethics contributes to procurement of quality products. Table 14 showing whether suppliers meet organization specification of quality products Response Frequency Percentage (%) Strongly agree 7 21. 2 Agree 14 42. 4 Not sure 4 12. 1 Disagree 5 15. 2 Strongly disagree 3 9. 1 Total 33 100 Source primary dataThe results in table 14 show that 42. 4 % of the respondents agree that suppliers meet organization specification with 21. 2% strongly agreeing while 12. 1% are not sure. 15. 2% of the respondents disagree that suppliers meet organization specification with 9. 1% strongly disagreeing this indicates that suppliers meet specification Table 15 showing whether unethical practice staff has resulted in procurement poor quality products. Response Frequency Percentage % Strongly agree 10 30. Agree 14 42. 4 Not sure 4 12. 1 Disagree 3 9. 1 Strongly disagree 2 6. 1 Total 33 100 Source primary data From table 15 above 30. % of the respondents strongly agreed that unethical practice of staff have resulted in procurement of poor quality products with 42. 4% agreeing while 12. 1% were not sure. 9. 1% of the respondents disagreed that unethical practice of employees does not lead to procurement of poor quality products with 9. 1 strongly disagreeing this means that unethical practice of staff contributes to procuring poor quality products. Chart 7 showing whether organization have a mean of checking une thical practice of employees. pic Source primary data According to the presentation in chart 7 above 27. 3% of the respondents strongly agree that the organization has a means of checking unethical practice with 48. 5% agreeing, 6. % of the respondents are not sure. With 12. 1% of the respondents disagreeing that the organization has a means of checking unethical conduct of employees with 12. 1% strongly disagreeing this implies the organization has means of checking unethical practice of employees. 4. 5Ethics in the Organization An interview with the employees of the procurement Department in the Ministry of Works and Transport (MOWT) the researcher found out that the PPDA act and regulation section 49 and 87 respectively